Respiratory System

Question 1

Primary functions

Answer 1

To provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration. Remove the waste product carbon dioxide. Help to maintain acid-base balance

Question 2

Secondary functions

Answer 2

Sensing odors. Speech production. Straining (during childbirth or coughing)

Question 3

Conducting Zone

Answer 3

Moves air in/out of the lungs.

Question 4

Respiratory Zone

Answer 4

Moves gasses in/out of the blood.

Question 5

Nose

Answer 5

The major entrance and exit for the respiratory system.

Question 6

Pharynx

Answer 6

the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity and superior to the esophagus and larynx.

Question 7

Larynx

Answer 7

The larynx is the cartilaginous structure that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs. The larynx is also involved in sound production and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.

Question 8

Trachea

Answer 8

(windpipe) is a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air.

Question 9

Alveolar duct

Answer 9

a tube composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, which opens into a cluster of alveoli.

Question 10

Alveolus

Answer 10

one of the many small, grape-like sacs that are attached to the alveolar ducts.

Question 11

Alveolar sac

Answer 11

a cluster of many individual alveoli that are responsible for gas exchange

Question 12

Boyle’s Law (formula)

Answer 12

P1V1 = P2V2

Question 13

Boyle’s Law (text explanation)

Answer 13

Pressure and volume are inversely related.

Question 14

Inspiration

Answer 14

Breathe in. Thoracic cavity expands. External intercostal muscles contract, Diaphram contracts.

Question 15

Expiration

Answer 15

Breathe out. Thoracic cavity reduces. External intercostal muscles relax. Diaphram relaxes.

Question 16

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 16

The control center that tells us to breathe.

Question 17

Eupnea

Answer 17

Quiet breathing, also known as eupnea, is a mode of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual. During quiet breathing, the diaphragm and external intercostals must contract.

Question 18

Diaphragmatic breathing

Answer 18

A deep breath, called diaphragmatic breathing, requires the diaphragm to contract. As the diaphragm relaxes, air passively leaves the lungs. A shallow breath, called costal breathing, requires contraction of the intercostal muscles. As the intercostal muscles relax, air passively leaves the lungs.

Question 19

Hyperpnea

Answer 19

In contrast, forced breathing, also known as hyperpnea, is a mode of breathing that can occur during exercise or actions that require the active manipulation of breathing, such as singing. During forced breathing, inspiration and expiration both occur due to muscle contractions.

Question 20

Diaphragm

Answer 20

This is the main breathing muscle
A signal is sent from the brain, and the diaphragm contracts and flattens,thereby increasing the space in the thoracic cavity. The increase in volume in the thoracic cavity causes a decrease in pressure in the thoracic cavity that is transmitted to the lungs.

Question 21

Atelectasis

Answer 21

A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are either partially or totally collapsed. Atelectasis usually occurs in patients who cannot or will not take deep breaths to fully expand the lungs and keep the passageways open.

Question 22

Pneumonia

Answer 22

Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by either viruses, fungi, protists, or bacteria. Inflammation occurs in the infected areas, with an accumulation of cell debris and fluid.

Question 23

Asthma

Answer 23

condition in which the body reacts to an allergy by causing constriction of the airways of the lungs, known as bronchospasm.

Question 24

Emphysema

Answer 24

condition in which the alveolar air sacs are destroyed and the lung itself becomes “floppy”, much like a balloon that has been inflated and deflated too many times.

Question 25

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 25

disease in which there are inflamed airways and large amounts of sputum are being produced. As inflammation occurs, the airways swell, and the inner diameter of the airways become smaller. As they get smaller, it becomes difficult to move air in and out, which increases the work of breathing. Because of this increased work level, more oxygen is used, and more carbon dioxide is produced.

Question 26

Pneumothorax

Answer 26

condition in which there is air inside the thoracic cavity and outside the lungs, often in the pleural cavity. Gas or fluid may be forced into the cavity, separating the layers of the membrane. Air can enter the thoracic cavity from two directions. A stab wound or gunshot wound to the chest would allow air to rush into the thoracic cavity from the outside. The lung might develop a leak as a result of either a structural deformity or a disease process (such as in emphysema).

Question 27

Tuberculosis

Answer 27

bacterial infection that thrives in areas of the body that have high oxygen content such as the lung. Tuberculosis bacilli can remain dormant in the body for years before beginning to multiply. If it continues unchecked, vast lung damage can occur. There has been recent concern about a multidrug resistant form of tuberculosis that is very resistant to the antibiotics that are normally used to treat TB, and this strain has a high mortality rate.