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3B-Keira Brown > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A

support and protection, body movement, produce blood cells, strorage of minerals and fats

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2
Q

axial skeleton

A

supports upright position and protects internal organs

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3
Q

how many bones in axial?

A

80 bones

skull, vertebrate, ribe cage, sternum

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4
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

portion of skeleton of vertebrates made up of bones that support
appendages
limbs

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5
Q

how many bones in appendicular skeleton?

A

126

arms, legs, feet

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6
Q

how many total bones in body

A

206

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7
Q

what are the 5 classifications

A

long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid

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8
Q

long bones

A

cylinder shaped longer than wide, gives leverage

ex. femur, tibia, radius

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9
Q

short

A

cube like shape, equal in width length and thickness

ex carpals and tarsals

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10
Q

flat

A

thin and curved, points of attachment for muscles

ex sternum, ribs, cranial bones

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11
Q

irregular

A

complex shape and protects internal organs, vertebrae, facial bones

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12
Q

sesamoid

A

small and round embedded in tendons

ex patellae

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13
Q

epiphysis

A

end

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14
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft

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15
Q

articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage, padding

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16
Q

periosteum

A

membrane that covers entire bone

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17
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

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18
Q

red marrow

A

blood

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19
Q

yellow marrow

A

fat

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20
Q

compact

A

wall of diaphysis

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21
Q

spongy

A

epiphysis- red marrow

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22
Q

Pivot

A

`Uniaxial joints, allows rotational movement

ex. altantoaxial joint

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23
Q

hinge

A

uniaxial joint, allows flexion and extension

ex. Knee, elbow

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24
Q

condyloid

A

biaxial joint, allows flexion/extensions, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements

ex. knuckle

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25
Q

saddle

A

biaxle joint, allows flexion/extensions, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements

ex. thumb

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26
Q

plane

A

multiaxial joint, allows inversion and eversion of foot, or flexion, extension, and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

ex. intertarsal joints of foot

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27
Q

ball and socket

A

multiaxial joint, allows flexion/extensions, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements, and medial/ lateral rotation movements

ex. shoulder and hip

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28
Q

flexion/ extension

A

take place in sagital plane, involve anterior or posterior movements of the body

flexion is decrease the angle, bending knee up

extension is increase in angle, bending knee straight

29
Q

adduction/ abduction/ circumduction

A

condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket joints.

ADDuction moves towards from midline of body

ABDuction moves away from the midline

circumduction movement of a body region in a circular manner

30
Q

Rotation

A

can occur in vertebral column

31
Q

medial/lateral

A

medial(internal rotation)- movement that brings anterior surface of limb towards the midline of the body

Lateral(external) rotation- rotation so that anterior surfaces moves away from midline

32
Q

supination/pronation

A

pronation- the motion that forearm is supinated anatomical position to the pronated position.

Supinated- opposite motion. holding soup

33
Q

dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

A

hinge joint. dorsiflexion if your foot flexing up, plantar is pointing foot to ground

34
Q

inversion/ eversion

A

inversion is the turning of the foot to the angle of the bottom of the foot towards the midline.

Eversion turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline

35
Q

protraction

A

protraction is sticking jaw forward

retraction is pulling jaw back

36
Q

depression /elevation

A

elevation is lifting shoulder up

depression pushing shoulder down

37
Q

opposition/ reposition

A

opposition thumb to top of point

reposition is spreading fingers out

38
Q

how many bones are in the cranium?

A

22 bones

39
Q

what is the only moveable bone in the skull?

A

mandible, lower jaw

40
Q

what are the five vertebral regions?

A

from superior to inferior

-seven cervical vertebrae
-12 thoracic curve
-in-vertebral disc
5 lumbar vertebrae
-sacrum coccyx

41
Q

how many vertebrae in cervical?

A

7 (C1-C7)

42
Q

how many vertebrae thoracic?

A

12 (T1-T12)

43
Q

how many vertebrae in lumbar?

A

5 (L1-L5)

44
Q

scoliosis

A

is an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column.

45
Q

kyphosis

A

eferred to as humpback or hunchback, is an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region

46
Q

Lordosis

A

an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy.

47
Q

what does the thoracic cage protect?

A

protects heart and lungs

48
Q

costal cartilage

A

These cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage and can extend for several inches. Most ribs are then attached, either directly or indirectly, to the sternum via their costal cartilage.

49
Q

3 types of ribs and how many of each?

A

true ribs- 1-7
false ribs- 8-12
floating- 11-12

50
Q

main bones of the pectoral girdle

A

scapula (shoulder blade),

clavicle(color bone),

51
Q

humerus

A

superior bone in arm

52
Q

ulna

A

one of the forearm bones , on the pinky side

53
Q

carpals

A

wrist, made of 8 small bones

54
Q

metacarpals

A

the bones in palm

55
Q

phalanges

A

fingers or toe

56
Q

femur

A

largest bone, thigh

57
Q

tibia

A

one of two long bones on the lower leg, tibia is larger on inside

58
Q

fibula

A

the other long bone in lower leg and is outside and smaller

59
Q

tarsals

A

most proximal bone in foot

60
Q

metatarsals

A

2nd most proximal bones in foot

61
Q

transverse fracture

A

occurs straight across the long axis of the bone

62
Q

oblique fracture

A

occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees

63
Q

spiral

A

bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting

64
Q

comminuted

A

several breaks results in many small pieces between two large segments

65
Q

impacted

A

one fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression.

66
Q

greenstick

A

a partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken

67
Q

open

A

a fracture in which at least one end of the broken bones tears through the skin; carries risk of infection

68
Q

closed

A

fracture in which skin remains intact

3B-Keira Brown (10 decks)

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