respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

primary functions

A

To provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration
Remove the waste product carbon dioxide
Help to maintain acid-base balance

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2
Q

secondary function

A

Sensing odors

Speech production

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3
Q

conducting zone

A

moves air in/out of the lungs

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4
Q

respiratory zone

A

moves gases in and out of the blood

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5
Q

nose

A

major entrance and exit for the respiratory system

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6
Q

pharynx

A

part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and superior to the esophagus and larynx.

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7
Q

larynx

A

cartilaginous structure that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs.

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8
Q

trachea

A

tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air.

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9
Q

alveolar duct

A

tube composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, which opens into a cluster of alveoli.

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10
Q

alveolus

A

one of the many small, grape-like sacs that are attached to the alveolar ducts.

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11
Q

alveolar sac

A

cluster of many individual alveoli that are responsible for gas exchange.

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12
Q

Boyles law formula

A

P1V1 = P2V2

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13
Q

boyles law

A

pressure and volume and inversely related

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14
Q

inspiration

A

inhalation of air into the lungs.

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15
Q

expiration

A

exhalation of lungs

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16
Q

medulia oblongata

A

The control center that tells us to breathe.

17
Q

eupnea

A

a mode of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual.

18
Q

diaphragmatic

A

requires the diaphragm to contract. As the diaphragm relaxes, air passively leaves the lungs. A shallow breath, called costal breathing, requires contraction of the intercostal muscles. As the intercostal muscles relax, air passively leaves the lungs.

19
Q

hyperpnea

A

is a mode of breathing that can occur during exercise or actions that require the active manipulation of breathing, such as singing.

20
Q

diaphragm

A

This is the main breathing muscle

21
Q

atelectasis

A

condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are either partially or totally collapsed.

22
Q

pneumonia

A

lung infection that can be caused by either viruses, fungi, protists, or bacteria.

23
Q

asthma

A

the body reacts to an allergy by causing constriction of the airways of the lungs,

24
Q

emphysema

A

the alveolar air sacs are destroyed and the lung itself becomes “floppy”

25
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

inflamed airways and large amounts of sputum are being produced.

26
Q

pneumothorax

A

air inside the thoracic cavity and outside the lungs,

27
Q

tuberculosis

A

bacterial infection that thrives in areas of the body that have high oxygen content