Skeletal System 1

Question 1

functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

gives us shape, provides protection, offers a surface for attachment to muscles, bears weight, site for red blood cell production and stores minerals

Question 2

what is the appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

the parts of the body that hang off of the axial skeleton. consists of 126 bones

Question 3

what is the axial skeleton

Answer 3

the central axis of the body. consists of 80 bones

Question 4

types of bones

Answer 4

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

Question 5

function of long bones with examples

Answer 5

act as levers for movement and a site for blood cell production- femur, humerus, radius, tibia, phalanges

Question 6

function of short bones with examples

Answer 6

bare weight- carpals and tarsals

Question 7

functions of flat bones with examples

Answer 7

large surface area for muscle and tendon attachment- sternum, cranium, ribs, pelvis, scapula

Question 8

function of irregular muscles with examples

Answer 8

protect the spinal cord (vertebrae), the patella increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps tendon- mandible(jaw), vertebrae

Question 9

function of sesamoid bones with examples

Answer 9

ease joint movement and resist compression- patella

Question 10

features of synovial joints

Answer 10

ligaments, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, joint capsule and bursa

Question 11

what is a ligament and it’s structure

Answer 11

holds bone to bone, stabilises joint in movement. tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue

Question 12

what is synovial fluid

Answer 12

lubricating liquid which lubricates the joint

Question 13

what is articular cartilage

Answer 13

smooth tissue that covers the surface of articulating bones which prevents wear and tear and absorbs shock

Question 14

what is a joint capsule

Answer 14

a fibrous sac which strengthens the joint and secrets synovial fluid

Question 15

what is bursa

Answer 15

a closed fluid-filled sac which reduces friction between tendons and bones

Question 16

types of synovial joints

Answer 16

ball and socket, hinge, pivot, comfy loud and gliding

Question 17

what is a ball and socket joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility

Answer 17

ball shaped head of a bone which articulated with a cup like socket of an adjacent bone. shoulder&hip. three planes and has the greatest range of movement

Question 18

what is a hinge joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility

Answer 18

elbow, knee and ankle. one plane; for bending/straightening

Question 19

what is a pivot joint with examples from skeleton and mobility

Answer 19

spine(atlas /axis) & radio(ulnar). one plane; focuses on rotation about its longitudinal axis

Question 20

what is a condyloid joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility

Answer 20

similar to ball and socket but flatter, articulating at a much shallower joint. wrist. two planes; second greatest range of movement

Question 21

what is a gliding joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility

Answer 21

articulating surfaces are almost flat and of a similar size. spine- bony processes of the vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions. three planes; however severely limited

Question 22

describe the wrist joint

Answer 22

joint: condyloid
articulating bones: radius, ulna and carpals
movement: flexion, extension

Question 23

describe the elbow joint

Answer 23

joint: hinge
bones: humerus, radius, ulna
movement: flexion, extension

Question 24

describe the shoulder joint

Answer 24

joint: ball and socket
bones: humerus, scapula
movement: flexion, extension, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, addiction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation

Question 25

describe the hip joint

Answer 25

joint: ball and socket
bones: pelvic girdle and femur
movement: flexion, extension, addiction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation

Question 26

describe the knee joint

Answer 26

joint: hinge
bones: femur and tibia
movement: flexion and extension

Question 27

describe the ankle joint

Answer 27

joint: hinge
bones: tibia, fibula and talus
movement: dorsi and plantar flexion

Question 28

what are the types of planes

Answer 28

sagittal, frontal, transverse

Question 29

explain the sagittal plane and the movement it allows

Answer 29

lies vertically- splits the body into left and right. allows flexion,extension, plantar and dorsi flexion

Question 30

explain the frontal plane and the movements it allows

Answer 30

lies vertically- divides the body into anterior(front) and posterior(back). allows addiction and abduction to occur

Question 31

explain the transverse plane and the movement it allows

Answer 31

divides the body horizontally- splits the body into superior(upper) and inferior(lower) parts. allows horizontal flexion and extension and rotation

Question 32

what is flexion

Answer 32

decreasing an engle at a joint; bending. the body parts moves in anterior motion

Question 33

what is extension

Answer 33

increasing an angle at a joint: straightening. moves a body part in a posterior direction

Question 34

what is adduction

Answer 34

making a body part move towards the midline of the body eg bringing the legs back together from the cartwheel

Question 35

what is abduction

Answer 35

making a body part move away from the midline of the body eg the execution phase is a cartwheel in gymnastics

Question 36

what is horizontal flexion

Answer 36

when a limb is parallel to the ground and the bones move closer to the midline of the body (left)

Question 37

what is horizontal extension

Answer 37

when a limb is parallel to the ground and the bones move further away from the midline of the body (right)

Question 38

what is rotation

Answer 38

when the body turns about it’s long axis from the anatomical position

Question 39

what is medial rotation

Answer 39

movement towards the midline of the body (turning your arm or leg inwards)

Question 40

what is lateral rotation

Answer 40

movement away from the midline of the body (arm or leg turning away from you)