Skeletal System 1 Flashcards
functions of the skeletal system
gives us shape, provides protection, offers a surface for attachment to muscles, bears weight, site for red blood cell production and stores minerals
what is the appendicular skeleton
the parts of the body that hang off of the axial skeleton. consists of 126 bones
what is the axial skeleton
the central axis of the body. consists of 80 bones
types of bones
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
function of long bones with examples
act as levers for movement and a site for blood cell production- femur, humerus, radius, tibia, phalanges
function of short bones with examples
bare weight- carpals and tarsals
functions of flat bones with examples
large surface area for muscle and tendon attachment- sternum, cranium, ribs, pelvis, scapula
function of irregular muscles with examples
protect the spinal cord (vertebrae), the patella increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps tendon- mandible(jaw), vertebrae
function of sesamoid bones with examples
ease joint movement and resist compression- patella
features of synovial joints
ligaments, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, joint capsule and bursa
what is a ligament and it’s structure
holds bone to bone, stabilises joint in movement. tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue
what is synovial fluid
lubricating liquid which lubricates the joint
what is articular cartilage
smooth tissue that covers the surface of articulating bones which prevents wear and tear and absorbs shock
what is a joint capsule
a fibrous sac which strengthens the joint and secrets synovial fluid
what is bursa
a closed fluid-filled sac which reduces friction between tendons and bones
types of synovial joints
ball and socket, hinge, pivot, comfy loud and gliding
what is a ball and socket joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility
ball shaped head of a bone which articulated with a cup like socket of an adjacent bone. shoulder&hip. three planes and has the greatest range of movement
what is a hinge joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility
elbow, knee and ankle. one plane; for bending/straightening
what is a pivot joint with examples from skeleton and mobility
spine(atlas /axis) & radio(ulnar). one plane; focuses on rotation about its longitudinal axis
what is a condyloid joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility
similar to ball and socket but flatter, articulating at a much shallower joint. wrist. two planes; second greatest range of movement
what is a gliding joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility
articulating surfaces are almost flat and of a similar size. spine- bony processes of the vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions. three planes; however severely limited
describe the wrist joint
joint: condyloid
articulating bones: radius, ulna and carpals
movement: flexion, extension
describe the elbow joint
joint: hinge
bones: humerus, radius, ulna
movement: flexion, extension
describe the shoulder joint
joint: ball and socket
bones: humerus, scapula
movement: flexion, extension, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, addiction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation
describe the hip joint
joint: ball and socket
bones: pelvic girdle and femur
movement: flexion, extension, addiction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation
describe the knee joint
joint: hinge
bones: femur and tibia
movement: flexion and extension
describe the ankle joint
joint: hinge
bones: tibia, fibula and talus
movement: dorsi and plantar flexion
what are the types of planes
sagittal, frontal, transverse
explain the sagittal plane and the movement it allows
lies vertically- splits the body into left and right. allows flexion,extension, plantar and dorsi flexion
explain the frontal plane and the movements it allows
lies vertically- divides the body into anterior(front) and posterior(back). allows addiction and abduction to occur
explain the transverse plane and the movement it allows
divides the body horizontally- splits the body into superior(upper) and inferior(lower) parts. allows horizontal flexion and extension and rotation
what is flexion
decreasing an engle at a joint; bending. the body parts moves in anterior motion
what is extension
increasing an angle at a joint: straightening. moves a body part in a posterior direction
what is adduction
making a body part move towards the midline of the body eg bringing the legs back together from the cartwheel
what is abduction
making a body part move away from the midline of the body eg the execution phase is a cartwheel in gymnastics
what is horizontal flexion
when a limb is parallel to the ground and the bones move closer to the midline of the body (left)
what is horizontal extension
when a limb is parallel to the ground and the bones move further away from the midline of the body (right)
what is rotation
when the body turns about it’s long axis from the anatomical position
what is medial rotation
movement towards the midline of the body (turning your arm or leg inwards)
what is lateral rotation
movement away from the midline of the body (arm or leg turning away from you)
