Skeletal System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A

gives us shape, provides protection, offers a surface for attachment to muscles, bears weight, site for red blood cell production and stores minerals

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2
Q

what is the appendicular skeleton

A

the parts of the body that hang off of the axial skeleton. consists of 126 bones

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3
Q

what is the axial skeleton

A

the central axis of the body. consists of 80 bones

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4
Q

types of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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5
Q

function of long bones with examples

A

act as levers for movement and a site for blood cell production- femur, humerus, radius, tibia, phalanges

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6
Q

function of short bones with examples

A

bare weight- carpals and tarsals

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7
Q

functions of flat bones with examples

A

large surface area for muscle and tendon attachment- sternum, cranium, ribs, pelvis, scapula

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8
Q

function of irregular muscles with examples

A

protect the spinal cord (vertebrae), the patella increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps tendon- mandible(jaw), vertebrae

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9
Q

function of sesamoid bones with examples

A

ease joint movement and resist compression- patella

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10
Q

features of synovial joints

A

ligaments, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, joint capsule and bursa

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11
Q

what is a ligament and it’s structure

A

holds bone to bone, stabilises joint in movement. tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue

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12
Q

what is synovial fluid

A

lubricating liquid which lubricates the joint

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13
Q

what is articular cartilage

A

smooth tissue that covers the surface of articulating bones which prevents wear and tear and absorbs shock

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14
Q

what is a joint capsule

A

a fibrous sac which strengthens the joint and secrets synovial fluid

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15
Q

what is bursa

A

a closed fluid-filled sac which reduces friction between tendons and bones

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16
Q

types of synovial joints

A

ball and socket, hinge, pivot, comfy loud and gliding

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17
Q

what is a ball and socket joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility

A

ball shaped head of a bone which articulated with a cup like socket of an adjacent bone. shoulder&hip. three planes and has the greatest range of movement

18
Q

what is a hinge joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility

A

elbow, knee and ankle. one plane; for bending/straightening

19
Q

what is a pivot joint with examples from skeleton and mobility

A

spine(atlas /axis) & radio(ulnar). one plane; focuses on rotation about its longitudinal axis

20
Q

what is a condyloid joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility

A

similar to ball and socket but flatter, articulating at a much shallower joint. wrist. two planes; second greatest range of movement

21
Q

what is a gliding joint with examples from the skeleton and mobility

A

articulating surfaces are almost flat and of a similar size. spine- bony processes of the vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions. three planes; however severely limited

22
Q

describe the wrist joint

A

joint: condyloid
articulating bones: radius, ulna and carpals
movement: flexion, extension

23
Q

describe the elbow joint

A

joint: hinge
bones: humerus, radius, ulna
movement: flexion, extension

24
Q

describe the shoulder joint

A

joint: ball and socket
bones: humerus, scapula
movement: flexion, extension, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, addiction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation

25
describe the hip joint
joint: ball and socket bones: pelvic girdle and femur movement: flexion, extension, addiction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation
26
describe the knee joint
joint: hinge bones: femur and tibia movement: flexion and extension
27
describe the ankle joint
joint: hinge bones: tibia, fibula and talus movement: dorsi and plantar flexion
28
what are the types of planes
sagittal, frontal, transverse
29
explain the sagittal plane and the movement it allows
lies vertically- splits the body into left and right. allows flexion,extension, plantar and dorsi flexion
30
explain the frontal plane and the movements it allows
lies vertically- divides the body into anterior(front) and posterior(back). allows addiction and abduction to occur
31
explain the transverse plane and the movement it allows
divides the body horizontally- splits the body into superior(upper) and inferior(lower) parts. allows horizontal flexion and extension and rotation
32
what is flexion
decreasing an engle at a joint; bending. the body parts moves in anterior motion
33
what is extension
increasing an angle at a joint: straightening. moves a body part in a posterior direction
34
what is adduction
making a body part move towards the midline of the body eg bringing the legs back together from the cartwheel
35
what is abduction
making a body part move away from the midline of the body eg the execution phase is a cartwheel in gymnastics
36
what is horizontal flexion
when a limb is parallel to the ground and the bones move closer to the midline of the body (left)
37
what is horizontal extension
when a limb is parallel to the ground and the bones move further away from the midline of the body (right)
38
what is rotation
when the body turns about it’s long axis from the anatomical position
39
what is medial rotation
movement towards the midline of the body (turning your arm or leg inwards)
40
what is lateral rotation
movement away from the midline of the body (arm or leg turning away from you)