Respiratory & Cardiovascular systems 2 Flashcards
minute ventilation
the volume of air inspired or expired per minute (l/min)
tidal volume
the volume of air inspired or expired per breath (ml)
inspiration centre
a control centre within the respiratory control centre (RCC) responsible for inspiration
breathing rate
number of inspirations or expirations per minute (f)
expiratory centre
a control centre within the RCC responsible for expiration
diaphragm
muscles involved in inspiration and expiration at rest and during exercise
what does rcc stand for
respiratory control centre
what is the rcc responsible for
controls breathing rate and depth
what is frequency
number of breaths (in or ex) take per one minute
what can tidal volume (resting) depend on
size of lungs, age, gender, fitness, respiratory consolations
equations for minute ventilation (VE)
VE=TV x f(litres per minute)
what is TV
tidal volume
what is VE
minute ventilation
how can TV and f be measured
using a spirometer
how does a spirometer work
a person seals their nose and breathes normally into mouthpiece. one maximum inspiration followed me a maximal expiration
how does air enter the body
through the pharynx, larynx and trachea
phrenic nerve
nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contract (flatten)
intercostal nerves
nerves that stimulate the external intercostals to contact
function of chemoreceptors and where they are found
detect chemical changes in the body ie increase in pCO2 (&LA) and its decrease. found in the aorta and carotid arteries
function of proprioceptors
detect changes (increase) in muscle/joint activity
function of baroreceptors & where they’re located
detect the extent of lung inflation during inspiration/blood pressure. found in lung tissue and bronchioles
function of thermoreceptors
detect (increased) blood/body temperature
describe inspiration (at rest)
-the diaphragm contracts (flattens)
-external intercostals contract
-ribs them love up and out (increasing thoracic cavity to enlarge)
-pressure in the lungs decreases
-air moves into the lungs
describe expiration (at rest)
-diaphragm related (domes)
-external intercostals relax
-therefore ribs move down and in (deducting thoracic cavity volume)
-pressure in the lungs decreases
-air moves out of the lungs
why are the alveoli efficient for gaseous exchange
-they form a large surface area
-have thin capillaries which provide a short diffusion path
-thin membrane (epithelial cells) reducing distance for ge
