Respiratory & Cardiovascular systems 2

Question 1

minute ventilation

Answer 1

the volume of air inspired or expired per minute (l/min)

Question 2

tidal volume

Answer 2

the volume of air inspired or expired per breath (ml)

Question 3

inspiration centre

Answer 3

a control centre within the respiratory control centre (RCC) responsible for inspiration

Question 4

breathing rate

Answer 4

number of inspirations or expirations per minute (f)

Question 5

expiratory centre

Answer 5

a control centre within the RCC responsible for expiration

Question 6

diaphragm

Answer 6

muscles involved in inspiration and expiration at rest and during exercise

Question 7

what does rcc stand for

Answer 7

respiratory control centre

Question 8

what is the rcc responsible for

Answer 8

controls breathing rate and depth

Question 9

what is frequency

Answer 9

number of breaths (in or ex) take per one minute

Question 10

what can tidal volume (resting) depend on

Answer 10

size of lungs, age, gender, fitness, respiratory consolations

Question 11

equations for minute ventilation (VE)

Answer 11

VE=TV x f(litres per minute)

Question 12

what is TV

Answer 12

tidal volume

Question 13

what is VE

Answer 13

minute ventilation

Question 14

how can TV and f be measured

Answer 14

using a spirometer

Question 15

how does a spirometer work

Answer 15

a person seals their nose and breathes normally into mouthpiece. one maximum inspiration followed me a maximal expiration

Question 16

how does air enter the body

Answer 16

through the pharynx, larynx and trachea

Question 17

phrenic nerve

Answer 17

nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contract (flatten)

Question 18

intercostal nerves

Answer 18

nerves that stimulate the external intercostals to contact

Question 19

function of chemoreceptors and where they are found

Answer 19

detect chemical changes in the body ie increase in pCO2 (&LA) and its decrease. found in the aorta and carotid arteries

Question 20

function of proprioceptors

Answer 20

detect changes (increase) in muscle/joint activity

Question 21

function of baroreceptors & where they’re located

Answer 21

detect the extent of lung inflation during inspiration/blood pressure. found in lung tissue and bronchioles

Question 22

function of thermoreceptors

Answer 22

detect (increased) blood/body temperature

Question 23

describe inspiration (at rest)

Answer 23

-the diaphragm contracts (flattens)
-external intercostals contract
-ribs them love up and out (increasing thoracic cavity to enlarge)
-pressure in the lungs decreases
-air moves into the lungs

Question 24

describe expiration (at rest)

Answer 24

-diaphragm related (domes)
-external intercostals relax
-therefore ribs move down and in (deducting thoracic cavity volume)
-pressure in the lungs decreases
-air moves out of the lungs

Question 25

why are the alveoli efficient for gaseous exchange

Answer 25

-they form a large surface area
-have thin capillaries which provide a short diffusion path
-thin membrane (epithelial cells) reducing distance for ge