skeletal structure (lecture 3)

Question 1

name the 5 functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

Blood cell production, Support, Movement, Protection of vital organs, Storage of minerals (bs mps)

Question 2

compare and contrast compact and cancellous bone

Answer 2

Compact bone is more densely packed in one singular direction, therefore is better for weight bearing.
Cancellous bone is lighter and spongier allowing for better shock absorption which is necessary at the epiphysis (ends) of the bone, where force is applied at many angles.
But at a microscopic level all bone is identical tissues and ECM, its arrangement is what makes it different.

Question 3

name the four bone classes, and how their function relates to their structure.

Answer 3

Long Bones - longer than wide act as levers for movement as their most commonly limb bones.
Short Bones - shorter and relatively close to width, mostly cancellous bone for weight bearing purposes.
Flat Bones - larger surface area for muscle attachment/protection, mostly compact bone.
Irregular Bones - various shapes, don’t fit other categories, have holes for blood vessels.

Question 4

name the major bones of the axial skeleton

Answer 4

Skull, Sternum, Ribs, Vertebral Column, Sacrum, Coccyx

Question 5

name the major bones of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 5

bones of the limbs - Humerus (arm), Ulna & Radius (forearm), Femur (thigh), Tibia & Fibula

Question 6

how many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae are there? plus what?

Answer 6

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
The Sacrum & Coccyx

Question 7

what is bipedalism important for

Answer 7

humans have evolved from quadrapedalism in order to improve function and manipulation of the arms

Question 8

how do limbs attach to the axial skeleton?

Answer 8

the pectoral girdle allows the upper limbs to attach to the trunk, where as the pelvic girdle connects the lower limbs to the pelvis - less mobile to allow for weight bearing

Question 9

what is a major skeletal difference between biological males and females, why is sexual dimorphism important?

Answer 9

pelvic structure, female pelvis maximises the space to allow for potential childbirth, different shape of the pelvic cavity and increased subpubic angle (female)