form and action at joints (lecture 10)

Question 1

what does muscle function rely and depend on?

Answer 1

length, number and arrangement (parallel & pennate) of muscle fibres

Question 2

outline the three classes of lever?

Answer 2

class one - fulcrum inbetween load and force/effort (C1&2 vertebrae - head nodd)
class two - load between fulcrum and force/effort (ankle joint - planter/dorsiflexion)
class three - force/effore between load and fulcrum (elbow joint - flexion of bicep brachii)

Question 3

outline the types of muscle action, not their roles

Answer 3

regardless of their action all muscles are active and develops tension
concentric - muscle is contracting getting shorter, tension is greater than load
eccentric - muscle is lengthening, tension is lesser than the load
isometric - muscle is unchanged, position and length, and tension does not outweigh load (eg holding elbow joint still in flexion)

Question 4

outline the types of muscle roles, not their actions

Answer 4

agonist - creates movement, working muscle
antagonist - opposes and controls movement
stabiliser - holds joint still, prevents movement at a joint
neutraliser - stops unwanted movement, eliminates an unwanted movement

Question 5

name the concentric actions of muscles relative to their position

Answer 5

anterior - flexion
posterior - extension
medial - adduction
lateral abduction
(opposite for the knee)

Question 6

name the muscles in the upper limb and their origin/insertion

Answer 6

biceps brachii
origin - scapula
insertion - radial tuberosity
triceps brachii
origin - scap & humerus
insertion - olecranon process of ulna
deltoid
origin - scap and clav
insertion - deltoid tuberosity

Question 7

name the muscles of the ilipsoas and its opposing muscle

Answer 7

iliacus & psoas major
origin - iliac fossa & lumbar vertebrae
insertion - femur
opposing muscle - gluteus maximus
origin - ilium & sacrum
insertion - femur

Question 8

name the muscles of the quadriceps

Answer 8

rectus femoris (superficial)
origin - ilium
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis
origin - femur
insertion (all) - tibial tuberosity

Question 9

name the muscles of the hamstrings

Answer 9

biceps femoris (fibula side)
origin - ischium & femur
insertion - fibula
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
origin - ischium
insertion - tibia

Question 10

name the muscles of the leg (lower limb)

Answer 10

tibialis anterior
origin - tibia
insertion - tarsals

triceps surae…
gastrocnemius (superficial)
orgin - condyles of femur
soleus (deep)
origin - tibia & fibula
insertion (both) - calcaneus via calcaneal/achilles tendon