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A/P Lab > Skeletal muscles - intro > Flashcards

Skeletal muscles - intro Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle shapes

A
  • muscles have many shapes, depending upon the size and actions of a specific muscle
  • wide (latus), toothed (serratus), triangular (deltoid)
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2
Q

Muscle location

A
  • skeletal muscles are attached to the bones

- each end of a muscle is attached to a different bone (contraction of the muscle causes bones to move their joints)

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3
Q

Muscle location

Origin and Insertion

A

-the specific anchoring ends of a muscle

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4
Q

Origin

A
  • the beginning (proximal) attachment of a muscle
  • this is the end that is attached to a site or bone that moves very little
  • the bone may be fixed or immobile
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5
Q

Insertion

A
  • this is the distal end of a muscle

- this end attaches to a bone with the most movement during contraction

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6
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin: scapula
Insertion: tuberosity of the radius
Action: flexion (bending) of the forearm

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7
Q

Single muscle actions

A

each muscle causes movement of a body part during contraction

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8
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle
Insertion: mastoid proces and superior nuchal line
Action: one contraction alone: laterally flexes head and neck to same side and rotates head and neck to opposite side both contracting together
Innervation: spinal accessory (CN XI)

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9
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Origin: clavicle, sternum, superior six costal cartilages and abdominal aponeurosis
Insertion: lateral crest of intertubercular groove of the humerus
Action: flexes shoulder; adducts and medially rotates arm; extends shoulder from flexed position
Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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10
Q

Muscle group actions

A

-groups with similar actions and groups with opposite actions

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11
Q

Groups with similar actions

A
  • for most actions there are usually several muscles involoved
  • one muscle has most of the responsibility for the action and is called the PRIME MOVER
  • others muscles that aid the action are called SYNERGISTS
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12
Q

Bending (flexing) the forearm

A

Prime mover: biceps brachii

Synergists: brachialis and brachiordialis

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13
Q

Groups with opposite actions

A
  • for each body movement there is an opposite action which returns the body to anatomical position
  • muscles with opposite actions are called AGONISTS and ANTAGONISTS
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14
Q

Agonist muscle

A

a muscle that accomplishes a certain movement

-ie. biceps brachii

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15
Q

Antagonist muscle

A
  • a muscle that works in opposition to another muscle

- ie. tricep

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16
Q

Types of actions

A

know all of the following…

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17
Q

Flexion

A

movement of a body part anterior to the coronal plane

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18
Q

Extension

A

movement of a body part posterior to the coronal plane

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19
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the midline

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20
Q

Adduction

A

movement toward the midline

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21
Q

Rotation

A

the turning of a structure around its long axis, as in rotating the head or humerus

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22
Q

Pronation

A

rotation of forearm towards facedown

23
Q

Supination

A

rotation of forearm faceup

24
Q

Circumduction

A

combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

25
Q

Elevation

A

moves structure superiorly

26
Q

Depression

A

moves structure inferiorly

27
Q

Protraction

A

gliding motion that moves a structure in an anterior direction

28
Q

Retraction

A

moves the structure back to the anatomical position

29
Q

Lateral excursion

A

moving the mandible to either the right or the left of the midline

30
Q

Medial excursion

A

returns that mandible to that midline position

31
Q

Opposition

A

movement of the thumb and little finger towards each other

32
Q

Reposition

A

returns the thumb and little finger to the neutral position

33
Q

Inversion

A

turns the ankle so that the plantar surface of the foot faces medially

34
Q

Eversion

A

turns the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally

35
Q

Head

Frontalis (1)-epicranius

A

raises scalp and eyebrows

36
Q

Head

Occipitalis (1)-epicranius

A

draws scalp backwards

37
Q

Head

Orbicularis oculi-(2)

A

closes eyelid

38
Q 
Head
Orbicularis oris (9)
A

closes, compresses lips

39
Q

Head

Buccinator (14)

A

compresses cheek, sucking

40
Q

Head

Temporalis (22)

A

elavates and retracts mandible (chewing)
Origin: temporal fossa
Insertion: coroniod process, mandibular ramus

41
Q

Head

Masseter (15)

A

elevates, protracts mandible (chewing)

42
Q

Neck

Digastic (17,19)

A

elevates hyoid
Origin: mastoid process of temporal
Insertion: mandible near midline

43
Q

Neck

Mylohyoid (16)

A

elevates hyoid

44
Q

Neck

Sternohyoid (218)

A

depresses hyoid

45
Q 
Neck
Sternocleidomastoid (21)
A

flexes, rotates head and neck

46
Q 
Torso
Pectoralis Major (262)
A

flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm
Origin: clavicle, strenum, superior six costal cartilages
Insertion: lateral crest of intertubercular groove of the humerus

47
Q 
Torso
Serratus anterior (542)
A

abducts and rotates scapula

48
Q

Torso

Diaphragm

A

depresses thorax floor

49
Q 
Torso
External intercostals (255)
A

elevates ribs

50
Q 
Torso
Internal intercostals (256)
A

depresses ribs

51
Q

Torso

Trapezius (226)

A

extends head
Origin: occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament spinous processes of C7-T12
Insertion: clavicle, acromoin process and spine of scapula

52
Q

Torso

Rhomboidius major

A

adducts and rotates scapula

53
Q 
Torso
Latissimus dorsi (541)
A

adducts and medially rotates arm

A/P Lab (8 decks)

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