Heart anatomy

Question 1

Cardiac tissue

Answer 1

• pericardium: outer layer
• myocardium: middle layer
• endocardium: inner layer

Question 2

External :Chambers

Answer 2

-4 chambers: 2 upper atrium, 2 lower ventricle

Question 3

EA Blood vessels

Answer 3

-cardiac and systemic

Question 4

EA Cardiac vessels

Answer 4

-coronary arteries, interventricular arteries, coronary sinus

Question 5

EA Cardiac vessels

Coronary arteries

Answer 5

• located in the atrioventricular grooves (right and left)

- supply the heart tissue with oxygenated blood

Question 6

EA Cardiac vessels

Interventricular arteries

Answer 6

• branches of the coronary arteries

- lie between the ventricles on the anterior and posterior surfaces

Question 7

EA Cadiac vessels

Coronary sinus

Answer 7

• located o the posterior surface between the atrium and ventricles
• collects blood from the great and small cardiac veins and returns it to the right atrium

Question 8

EA Systemic vessels

Answer 8

-inferior and superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins (4)

Question 9

EA Systemic vessels

inferior and superior vena cave

Answer 9

-are connected to the right atrium

Question 10

EA Systemic vessels

aorta

Answer 10

• thick walled vessel located in the center of the heart

- branches to form the brachiocephalic artery

Question 11

EA Systemic vessels

pulmonary trunk

Answer 11

• next to aorta, arches over the top of the anterior surface

- branches to form the right and left pulmonary arteries

Question 12

EA Systemic vessels

pulmonary veins

Answer 12

• connected to the left atrium on the posterior surface

- “dump” blood

Question 13

Internal: chambers

Answer 13

-atria and ventricles

Question 14

IA Chambers

Atria

Answer 14

-upper chambers with thin walls

Question 15

IA Chambers

ventricles

Answer 15

• have thick walls
• walls of left are thicker than right
• right leads into the pulmonary arteries
• left connects to the aorta

Question 16

IA Valves

Answer 16

-atrioventricular valve and semillunar valve

Question 17

IA Valves

atrioventricular

Answer 17

• located between the atria and ventricles
• right valve (tricuspid) has 3 cusps
• left valve (mitral) has 2 cusps

Question 18

IA Valves

semillunar

Answer 18

• located in the ventricles and lead into the blood vessels

- each valve has 3 flaps

Question 19

IA Valves

Pulmonary semillunar valve

Answer 19

-opens into the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle

Question 20

IA Valves

aortic semillunar valve

Answer 20

-opens into the aorta from the left ventricle

Question 21

IA Special structures

Answer 21

• papillary muscles: located in the inner walls of the ventricles
• chordae tendineae: attach the cusps of the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles
• septum: wall dividing left and right chambers

Question 22

Arteries

Answer 22

-blood leaves heart through these blood vessels

Question 23

Veins

Answer 23

-blood enters heart through these

Question 24

Capillaries

Answer 24

-arteries and veins are connected by small vessels

Question 25

Systemic blood flow pathway

Answer 25

• blood LEAVES heart through the AORTA

- blood RETURNS to the heart through the INFERIOR AND SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

Question 26

Pulmonary blood flow pathway

Answer 26

• blood LEAVES heart through the PULMONARY TRUNK which branches into two arteries going to the right and left lung
• blood RETURNS to the heart through the 4 PULMONARY VEINS

Question 27

Blood flow through heart

Answer 27

1. superior/inferior vena cave
   - right atrium: passes through tricuspid valve
2. right ventricle: passes through pulmonary semilunar valve
3. pulmonary trunk
4. pulmonary arteries: goes to lungs
5. pulmonary veins into left atrium
6. passes through mitral
7. left ventricle: passes through aortic semilunar valves
8. aorta: goes into coronary arteries