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A/P Lab > Muscle Types > Flashcards

Muscle Types Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle types

A

Skeletal, cardiac and visceral (smooth)

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2
Q

Muscle functions

A
  • each muscle type undergoes the process of shortening or contraction
  • contraction process causes movement of body parts and organs
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3
Q

Skeletal muscle

Location

A

Each end is attached to a different bone at its origin and insertion

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4
Q

Skeletal muscle

Function

A
  • moves the bones or a body part during the contraction process
  • since contraction is controlled by conscious thought, the muscle action is said to be voluntary
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5
Q

Skeletal muscle

Tissue structure

A

Components

-composed of bundles of cells surrounded by connective tissue

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle

Tissue structure

A

Tissue arrangement

-fascicles, endomysium, perimysium, epimysium, tendon, aponeurosis

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7
Q

Fascicles

A

Band or bundle of nerve or muscle fibers

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8
Q

Endomysium

A

(Deep layer) surrounds muscle fibers

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9
Q

Perimysium

A

(Middle layer) surrounds fasciculi

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10
Q

Epimysium

A

(Superficial layer) surrounds groups of fasciculi; surrounds muscle

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11
Q

Tendon

A

(Band or chord) extensions of fibrous tissue beyond muscle cells
-forms string structure to anchor muscle to bone or other muscle

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12
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Wide ban of fibrous tissue between some muscles

Ie. scalp and abdomen

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle

Cell structure

A
  • fibers (cells): very long and cylindrical; extends the length of muscle fasiculi, which in some cases is the length of the muscle
  • nuclei: multiple; peripherally located
  • striations: yes
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14
Q

Cardiac muscle

Location

A
  • found in the walls of the heart

- composes most of the structure of the heart

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15
Q

Cardiac muscle

Function

A
  • main action is to move blood through blood vessels as it contracts
  • -this ensures delivery of blood to all body cells and tissues
  • process of contraction is involuntary
  • -heart contraction is controlled by the pacemaker tissue and by the autonomic nervous system
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16
Q

Cardiac muscle

Tissue structure

A
  • cells are branched and connect to each other by intercalated disks
  • little connective tissue between the cells
  • cells form large units that can contract together
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17
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscle of the heart

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18
Q

Cardiac muscle

Cell structure

A
  • fibers: cylindrical and branched
  • nucleus: single; centrally located
  • striations: yes
  • intercalated disks: joins cells to one another
19
Q

Visceral (smooth) muscle

Location

A

Located in the walls of most internal organs

20
Q

Visceral (smooth) muscle

Functions

A
  • contraction controls the actions of the internal organs such as the stomach, intestines, respiratory tubes and reproductive organs
  • substances are moved through these organs as the muscle in the wall contracts
  • involuntary and controlled by autonomic nervous system and hormones
21
Q

Visceral (smooth) muscle

Tissue structure

A
  • arranged in large sheets with many gap junctions between cells (unitary smooth muscle: contracts as a whole unit)
  • fewer gap junctions and cells (or groups of cells) tend to act as independent units (multi unit smooth muscle)
22
Q

Visceral (smooth) muscle

Cell structure

A
  • fibers: spindle shaped
  • nucleus: single; centrally located
  • smooth appearance, no striations
23
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Origin: pubic crest, symphysis pubis
Insertion: inferior ribs, xiphoid process
Action: flexes vertebral column

24
Q

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominus

A

Compress abdomen and rotate trunk

25
Q

Coccygeus

A

Elevates pelvic floor

26
Q

Levator ani

A

Elevates anus

27
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Rotates and adducts arm

28
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: abducts, flexes, rotates arm

29
Q

Teres major

A

Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: crest of lesser tubercule of humerus
Action: extends adducts rotates stem medially

30
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Extends rotates arm laterally

31
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle, coronoid process of scapula
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Action: main forearm flexor

32
Q

Brachialis

Brachoradialis

A

Flex forearm

33
Q

Pronator teres

A

Pronates hand

34
Q

Flexor Capri radialis

A

Flexes adducts hand

35
Q

Flexor Capri ulnaris

A

Flexes adducts hand

36
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Flexes hand

37
Q

Flexor digitorum

A

Flexes fingers and hand

38
Q

Flexor pollicis

A

Flexes thumb

39
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Origin: infraglenoid tuberosity of scapula, lateral and posterior surface of humerus
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
Action: main forearm extensor

40
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Extend fingers and hand

41
Q

Extensor Capri ulnaris

A

Extends adducts hand

42
Q

Extensor Capri radialis

A

Extends adducts hand

43
Q

Extensor pollicis

A

Origin: posterior radius and ulna, interosseus membrane
Insertion: proximal an distal phalanges of thumb
Action: extend thumb

A/P Lab (8 decks)

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