Skeletal Muscles Anatomy & Joint Movement Flashcards
1
Q
Origin/ head
A
- muscle end attaches to more stationary of two bones
2
Q
Insertion
A
- muscle end attaches to bone with greatest movement
3
Q
Belly
A
- Largest portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion
4
Q
Tendon & aponeurosis
A
- Muscle attaches to bone
- Aponeurosis is a very broad tendon
5
Q
Agonist
A
- Muscle that, when contracted, causes an action
6
Q
Anatgonist
A
- Muscle working in opposition to angonist
7
Q
Synergist
Prime movers, fixators
A
- A synergist muscle assists the agonist muscle or “primary mover” for a specific action at a joint
- Prime mover plays a major role in helping primary mover accomplish movement
- Fixators stabalize the joint crossed by the primary mover, preventing moving of the origin.
8
Q
Muscles are named according to:
7 points
A
- Location: Pectoralis
- Size: Maximus
- Shape: Deltoid (delta)
- Action/ function: Abductor, masseter
- Orientation direction of fibers: rectus (fibers that run parallel to midline)
- Origins and insertion: sternocleidomastoid
- Number of heads: Biceps
9
Q
Sternocleidomastoid
Head and Neck
A
- Mandibrium of sternum, clavicle, mastoid process.
- Lateral muscle
- Causes flexion: muscles deep into the neck along the anterior margins of the vertebral bodies
10
Q
Trapezius
Head and Neck
A
- Shaped like trapezoid…broad origin from the vertebae to the occipital bone.
- Fibers in many direction allows for alot of movement
- Movements include extension and lateral flexion of the neck
11
Q
Deep group
Vertebral Column
A
- from vertebra to vertebra
- Involved in movement of vertebral column
12
Q
Superficial group, erector spinae
Vertebral Column
A
- Extend from vertebrae to ribs
- 3 subgroups
- Maintain posture
- Always contracting…made with slow-twitch fibers
- Main movements are extension and lateral flexion
13
Q
Scalene
Thoracic Muscle
A
- Anterior, middle, posterior
- Grabs on to the first two ribs to help them move upwards when taking a deep breath
14
Q
Internal Intercostal
Thoracic Muscle
A
- Deep muscles within the rib
- Depresses the ribs during expiration
15
Q
External Intercostal
Thoracic Muscle
A
- In between the ribs
- Elevates rib during inspiration.
16
Q
Transversus thoracis
Thoracic Muscle
A
- Attached to the cartilage part
- Depresses ribs during expiration
17
Q
Diaphragm
Thoracic cage
A
- Flattens during contraction and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and vice versa.
- Major movmeent of inspiration
18
Q
External abdominal oblique
Abdominal wall
A
- Fibers run at an oblique angle
- Flex and rotate vertebral column and compression.
- Lateral to medial
19
Q
Internal abdominal oblique
Abdominal wall
A
- Flexion, rotation, compression
- muscle fibers running in the opposite direction to the external oblique
20
Q
Transversus abdominis
Abdominal wall
A
- Runs in transverse plane
- only job is compression
21
Q
Trapezius
Scapular Movement
A
- Posterior scapular muscle
- responsible for elevation, depression, rotate and rectraction the scapula
22
Q
Pectoralis Minor
Scapular Movement
A
- From rib 3-5
- Attaches to the corachoid process
- Depresses scapula
23
Q
Serratus anterior
Scapular movement
A
- Anterior to scapula, under the scapula to the medial boarder.
- Holds scapula in place on the thoracic cage
- also known as the boxer muscles –> holds arm in this position
24
Q
Levator scapulae
Scapular movement
A
- Deep to the traps
- Elevate and rotate scapula
25
Rhomboideus
- Located deep in the traps muscles
- Helps square the scapula
- From vertebrae to medial boarder of scapula
26
Deltoid
- Triganular shaped, sits overtop should joint
- Abduction and medial/lateral rotation
27
Pectoralis major
- Broad origin from the thoracic cage
- Flexion, extension, adduction and medial rotation
28
Latissimus Dorsi
- Attached to the auxillary region of the arm, attachingto the anterior side of the humerous
- Allows extension (pulls arm backwards), adduct (brings arm back towards the body), and medial rotation
29
Subscapularis
- Located in the subscapular fossa (front)
- Pulls the humerus to the front of the body to perform medial rotation
30
Infraspinatus
- Belly found in the infraspinatus fossa of the scapula
- Pull the humerus towards the back to do lateral rotation
31
Tere minor
- Round muscle belly
- Adduct and lateral rotation which will rotate humerus away from the body
32
Superspinatus
- Located at the superspinaous fossa
-
33
Intrinsic muscles of the foot
- Flexsion
- Extension
- Abduction and adduction of toes
34
Anterior compartment
- dorsi flexion
- Eversion and inversion of foot
- Extension of toes
35
Lateral compartment
- Plantar flexion
- Eversion of toes
36
Posterior Compartment
- Superficial
- Deep
Superficial: Plantar flextion, flexes knee
Deep: Flexes knee, plantar flexion, inversion foor
toe flexion
37
Quadriceps
- Rectus femoris (only one that inserts at the hip, causes flexsion of hip)
- Vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femoris)
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus lateralis
- Extension of leg at the knee
38
Sartorius
- Flexes hip and knee
- laterally rotates thigh
39
Posterior thigh muscle: hamstring
- Semitendonosus
- Biceps femoris
- Semimembranosus
- Flexion of the knee, extension of the hip
40
Gluteal and tensor fasciae latae
- extension of thigh and abdction, flexion and stabilize femur
41
Intrinsic muscles of the hand
- Opposition and reposition
- Thenar muscles (thumb)
- Hypothenar muscles (pinky)
42
Muscles on anterior surface of the forearm
- flexion of wrist, hand, fingers
- Adduction and abduction of wrist
43
Muscle on posterior surface of the forearm
- Extension of the wrist, forearm, hand, and figers
- Abduction of the wrist
44
Extension
- Triceps brachii
- Anconeus
45
Flexion
- Biceps brachii
- Brachioradialis
- Brachialis
46
Supination
- Supinator
- Biceps brachii
47
Pronation
- Pronator quadratus
- Pronator teres
48
Types of movement
- Gliding (carpals)
- Angular (flexion, extension, hyperextension) (planar flexion, dorsiflexion) (Abdunction and adduction)
- Circular (Rotation) (pronation, supination) (Circumduction)
- Special movement (Evelation, depression) (Protaction, retraction) (Opposition, reposition) (Inversion, eversion)
