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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (FINAL) > Skeletal Muscles Anatomy & Joint Movement > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscles Anatomy & Joint Movement Flashcards

1
Q

Origin/ head

A
  • muscle end attaches to more stationary of two bones
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2
Q

Insertion

A
  • muscle end attaches to bone with greatest movement
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3
Q

Belly

A
  • Largest portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion
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4
Q

Tendon & aponeurosis

A
  • Muscle attaches to bone
  • Aponeurosis is a very broad tendon
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5
Q

Agonist

A
  • Muscle that, when contracted, causes an action
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6
Q

Anatgonist

A
  • Muscle working in opposition to angonist
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7
Q

Synergist

Prime movers, fixators

A
  • A synergist muscle assists the agonist muscle or “primary mover” for a specific action at a joint
  • Prime mover plays a major role in helping primary mover accomplish movement
  • Fixators stabalize the joint crossed by the primary mover, preventing moving of the origin.
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8
Q

Muscles are named according to:

7 points

A
  • Location: Pectoralis
  • Size: Maximus
  • Shape: Deltoid (delta)
  • Action/ function: Abductor, masseter
  • Orientation direction of fibers: rectus (fibers that run parallel to midline)
  • Origins and insertion: sternocleidomastoid
  • Number of heads: Biceps
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9
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

Head and Neck

A
  • Mandibrium of sternum, clavicle, mastoid process.
  • Lateral muscle
  • Causes flexion: muscles deep into the neck along the anterior margins of the vertebral bodies
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10
Q

Trapezius

Head and Neck

A
  • Shaped like trapezoid…broad origin from the vertebae to the occipital bone.
  • Fibers in many direction allows for alot of movement
  • Movements include extension and lateral flexion of the neck
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11
Q

Deep group

Vertebral Column

A
  • from vertebra to vertebra
  • Involved in movement of vertebral column
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12
Q

Superficial group, erector spinae

Vertebral Column

A
  • Extend from vertebrae to ribs
  • 3 subgroups
  • Maintain posture
  • Always contracting…made with slow-twitch fibers
  • Main movements are extension and lateral flexion
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13
Q

Scalene

Thoracic Muscle

A
  • Anterior, middle, posterior
  • Grabs on to the first two ribs to help them move upwards when taking a deep breath
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14
Q

Internal Intercostal

Thoracic Muscle

A
  • Deep muscles within the rib
  • Depresses the ribs during expiration
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15
Q

External Intercostal

Thoracic Muscle

A
  • In between the ribs
  • Elevates rib during inspiration.
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16
Q

Transversus thoracis

Thoracic Muscle

A
  • Attached to the cartilage part
  • Depresses ribs during expiration
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17
Q

Diaphragm

Thoracic cage

A
  • Flattens during contraction and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and vice versa.
  • Major movmeent of inspiration
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18
Q

External abdominal oblique

Abdominal wall

A
  • Fibers run at an oblique angle
  • Flex and rotate vertebral column and compression.
  • Lateral to medial
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19
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

Abdominal wall

A
  • Flexion, rotation, compression
  • muscle fibers running in the opposite direction to the external oblique
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20
Q

Transversus abdominis

Abdominal wall

A
  • Runs in transverse plane
  • only job is compression
21
Q

Trapezius

Scapular Movement

A
  • Posterior scapular muscle
  • responsible for elevation, depression, rotate and rectraction the scapula
22
Q

Pectoralis Minor

Scapular Movement

A
  • From rib 3-5
  • Attaches to the corachoid process
  • Depresses scapula
23
Q

Serratus anterior

Scapular movement

A
  • Anterior to scapula, under the scapula to the medial boarder.
  • Holds scapula in place on the thoracic cage
  • also known as the boxer muscles –> holds arm in this position
24
Q

Levator scapulae

Scapular movement

A
  • Deep to the traps
  • Elevate and rotate scapula
25
Q

Rhomboideus

A
  • Located deep in the traps muscles
  • Helps square the scapula
  • From vertebrae to medial boarder of scapula
26
Q

Deltoid

A
  • Triganular shaped, sits overtop should joint
  • Abduction and medial/lateral rotation
27
Q

Pectoralis major

A
  • Broad origin from the thoracic cage
  • Flexion, extension, adduction and medial rotation
28
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A
  • Attached to the auxillary region of the arm, attachingto the anterior side of the humerous
  • Allows extension (pulls arm backwards), adduct (brings arm back towards the body), and medial rotation
29
Q

Subscapularis

A
  • Located in the subscapular fossa (front)
  • Pulls the humerus to the front of the body to perform medial rotation
30
Q

Infraspinatus

A
  • Belly found in the infraspinatus fossa of the scapula
  • Pull the humerus towards the back to do lateral rotation
31
Q

Tere minor

A
  • Round muscle belly
  • Adduct and lateral rotation which will rotate humerus away from the body
32
Q

Superspinatus

A
  • ## Located at the superspinaous fossa
33
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the foot

A
  • Flexsion
  • Extension
  • Abduction and adduction of toes
34
Q

Anterior compartment

A
  • dorsi flexion
  • Eversion and inversion of foot
  • Extension of toes
35
Q

Lateral compartment

A
  • Plantar flexion
  • Eversion of toes
36
Q

Posterior Compartment
- Superficial
- Deep

A

Superficial: Plantar flextion, flexes knee
Deep: Flexes knee, plantar flexion, inversion foor
toe flexion

37
Q

Quadriceps

A
  • Rectus femoris (only one that inserts at the hip, causes flexsion of hip)
  • Vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femoris)
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Extension of leg at the knee
38
Q

Sartorius

A
  • Flexes hip and knee
  • laterally rotates thigh
39
Q

Posterior thigh muscle: hamstring

A
  • Semitendonosus
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semimembranosus
  • Flexion of the knee, extension of the hip
40
Q

Gluteal and tensor fasciae latae

A
  • extension of thigh and abdction, flexion and stabilize femur
41
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

A
  • Opposition and reposition
  • Thenar muscles (thumb)
  • Hypothenar muscles (pinky)
42
Q

Muscles on anterior surface of the forearm

A
  • flexion of wrist, hand, fingers
  • Adduction and abduction of wrist
43
Q

Muscle on posterior surface of the forearm

A
  • Extension of the wrist, forearm, hand, and figers
  • Abduction of the wrist
44
Q

Extension

A
  • Triceps brachii
  • Anconeus
45
Q

Flexion

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachioradialis
  • Brachialis
46
Q

Supination

A
  • Supinator
  • Biceps brachii
47
Q

Pronation

A
  • Pronator quadratus
  • Pronator teres
48
Q

Types of movement

A
  • Gliding (carpals)
  • Angular (flexion, extension, hyperextension) (planar flexion, dorsiflexion) (Abdunction and adduction)
  • Circular (Rotation) (pronation, supination) (Circumduction)
  • Special movement (Evelation, depression) (Protaction, retraction) (Opposition, reposition) (Inversion, eversion)

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (FINAL) (6 decks)

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