Brain Flashcards
1
Q
Brain
A
Part of CNS contained in cranial cavity
2
Q
Brainstem
A
- Connects spinal cord to brain
- Integration of reflexes necessary for survival aka regulatory center for breathing, digestion, cardiovascular contol, etc.
3
Q
Cerebellum
A
- Involved in control of locomotion, balance and posture
- Located posterior to the brainstem and inferior to the cerebrum
- Hold around 50% of the brains neurons, but is 10% of brain mass
- Works with the cerebrum to coordinate skeletal muscle movement, and how to smoothly act on actions.
4
Q
Diencephalon
A
- Contains the thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus and subthalamous
- Located deep within the brain
- Associated with regulatory functions and coordinating output of master gland of the body (pituitary gland–connected to the endocrine system)
- Responsible for things like day and night cycle, mood/ emotions, thirst and hunger
5
Q
Cerebrum
A
- Responsible for conscious though, higher level processing and control
- Largest part of the brain with two large hemispheres
- Planning, reasoning, analyzing and assessing memories
6
Q
The brain is protected by
A
- Cranial bones
- Craininal meninges (the pia, arachnoid and dura mater)
- CSF
7
Q
Meninges
A
- Connective tissue layer that surrounds the brain and spinal chord
- Skull < Dura mater; composed of the periosteal dura and the meningeal dura; inbetween is the dural venus sinus creating a flax cerebri that goes all the way down into the arachnoidmater < Subdural space; underneath meningeal dura; contains CSF < arachnoid mater; thin layer of fibrous web like membrane < subarachnoid space; web like features filled with CSF < pai matter < brain
8
Q
Venticles
A
- Produces CSF in its spaces
- Ventricles begin as two large C shape cavity on the side of the corpus collosum in each hemisphere of the brain.
- CSF production begins in the lateral ventricle < CSF moves to the third ventricle which surrounds the region of the diencephalon via the ventricular foramen < runs through narrow duct called cerebral aqueduct from the midbrain and enter the fourth ventricle where it comes in contact with the pons, medulla and cerebellum
- The ventricles are linked with ependymal cells that produce CSF
- In the fourth ventricle, there are 3 openings that allow for CSF to leave ventricle to the subarachnoid space to circulate outside the brain.
9
Q
CSF
A
- Serum-like fluid lacking proteins, but containing nutrients for the brain and spinal cord
- Most synthesized in the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle
- CSF moves right high to low pressure
10
Q
Choroid plexus
A
- Ependimel cells < capillary containing blood < connective tissue < together, they create a tight junction to filter blood to CSF
11
Q
Process
A
- Aterial blood enters the choroid to be filted as CSF
- Choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricle make the CSF
- It goes through the interventricle foramina to the third ventricle.
- The thrid ventricle can also make some amount of CSF in its plexus
- That goes to the third ventricle and passes through the cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain to the fourth ventricle
- Some amount of CSF can be made in the fourth ventricle
- Exits through the lateral and medial apertures to the subarachnoid space
- Goes around the central canal of the spinal cord to the aranchoid villi of the dura mater to become venus blood.
12
Q
Components of the brain stem
A
- Medulla oblongata
- Pons
- Midbrain
13
Q
Medulla oblongata
A
- Most inferior part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord
- Center for vital reflexes such as heart rate, BP, respiration, swallowing, sneezing, coughing
- Supports a variety of cranial nerves: 5,7,9,10,11,12
14
Q
Pyramids
A
- White matter decending tracks that carry information from the brain to the spinal cord.
- These are mainly motor tracks for the motor system, where all electrical signals will be sent to skeletal muscles for conscious control
15
Q
Olive
A
- Involved in balance, coordination, modulation of sound (how information gets in our ear)
- Bilateral structure
16
Q
Pons
A
- Located superior to the MO
- connects various parts of the brain
- Responsible for sleep centre (REM), respiratory center
Anteriors:
1. Pontine nuclei: communication between cerebrum and cerebellum
Posterior:
2. Nuclei of cranial nerves 5,6,7,8
17
Q
Midbrain
A
- Most superior portion of the brainstem
- Nuclei of cranial nerve 3, 4, 5
18
Q
Tectum
A
- Part of the midbrain
- Contains 4 nuclei forming mounds on dorsal surface of midbrain separated as a colliculus
SUPERIOR COLLICULI
- Involved in visual reflexes, tract eye movement
INFERIOR COLLICULI
- involved in hearing
19
Q
Peduncles
A
- Superior, middle, inferior
-Bundle of axon pathway carrying infromation from one area to another.
Superior:
communication of cerebellum with the midbrain
Middle:
communication of cerebellum with the pons
Inferior:
communication of cerebellum with medulla oblongata
