Skeletal Biology 1 Flashcards
1
Q
ethics in skeletal biology
A
- anthropometry and craniometry
- contribution to scientific racism
- questionable acquisition of human skeletal remains
- ethics of research and teaching
2
Q
ethical responsibilities of skeletal research
A
- respect for human dignity
- descendant rights
- the preservation ethic
- laboratory codes of conduct
3
Q
Musculoskeletal system; structural
A
- support
- protection
4
Q
Musculoskeletal system; physiological
A
metabolic
5
Q
osteogenic
A
stem cell
6
Q
components of bone
A
- cells
- fibres; collagen
- mineralized tissue; hydroxyapatite
7
Q
osteoblast
A
bone forming
8
Q
osteoclast
A
bone eating
9
Q
osteocyte
A
bone cell
10
Q
osteon (haversian system)
A
- communciation, nutrition
- bone cells within concentric layers
11
Q
remodeling bone tissue
A
- growth and development
- maintenance
- etraction of nutrients
- response to stimuli
12
Q
two types of bone
A
- woven bone
- lameliar bone
13
Q
woven bone
A
formed when there is very rapid new bone formation, as occurs in the repair of a fracture
14
Q
lameller bone
A
- corticaal/compact; periosyeum/endosteum
- cancellous/ spoungy/ trabucelar
- medullary cavity; bone marrow
15
Q
joints
A
- bones connect to each other
- elastic cartilage; most flexible (ex. ear)
- hyaline cartilafe; 2nd most flexible (ex. nose)
- fibro-cartilage; least flexible (ex knee)
16
Q
fibrous joints
A
- not moveable
- sutures
- syndesmosis
- gomphosis
17
Q
cartilaginous joints
A
- slightly moveable
- symphysis
- synchondrosis
18
Q
synovial joints
A
- highly moveable
- joiny capsule
19
Q
movement
A
bone supports; ligaments, tendons
20
Q
regions of the skeleton
A
- 206 bones divided into 2 regions
- axial skeleton
- appendicular skeleton
21
Q
axial skeleton
A
The bones in the head, neck, back, and chest, which form the body’s vertical axis
- skull
- vertebral column
- rib cage
- sternum
22
Q
appendicular skeleton
A
The bones in the shoulders, pelvis, and limbs, which attach to the axial skeleton. The appendicular skeleton enables the body to move
- bones in upper/lower limbs (arms hands legs feet)
23
Q
anatomical orientation
A
- anterior (front)/posterior (back), dorsal/ventral
- lateral (left or right)/medial (midline of body/head)
- superior (towards head end of body; upper) /inferior (away from head end of the body; lower)
- proximal (nearest center of body) /distal (further away from center of body)
24
Q
types of bones
A
- 4 types
- long bones
- short bones
- flat bones
- irregular bones
- sesamoid and sutural bones can vary between individuals
25
how to tell different bones apart
- projections
- depressions, fossae, and grooves
- foramina and canals
26
skull frontal
- cranium; orbits, nasal aperture
- mandible
27
skull parietal
- cranium; cranial vault, spaces for chewing muscles
- mandible; mental eminence
28
skull back
- cranium; attatchment to nuchal (neck) muscles, passage for the spine
- mandible
29
cranium
- has 28 bones
- 22 paired, 6 unpaired
30
cranium frontal
- squama
- superciliary arch
- supraorbital margin
31
cranium parietal
- temporal lines
- meningeal grooves
32
cranium temporal
- squama
- zygomatic process
- external accoustic meatus
- mastoid process
- mandibular fossa; temporomandibular joint
- petrous portion
33
cranium auditory ossicles
- stapes
- incus
- malleus
34
cranium occipital
- external occipital protuberance
- nuchal lines
- foramen magnum
- occipital condyle
35
cranium facial bones
- maxilla
- zygomatic
36
mandible
- mandibular condyle
- ramus
- gonial angle
- body
- mental protuberance
37
human dentition functions
- mastication
- paramastication
38
dental formula human
2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3 x 2 = 32
39
deciduous
primary or milk
40
permanent
adult
41
tooth anatomy
- gomphosis; periodontal ligaments
- enamel
- dentin
- pulp cavity
- apex
42
hyoid
- inferior to the mandible
- anchors muscles involved in speech
43
thorax
- protection of vital organs
- anchoring of musculature
- sternum
- costal cartilage
- vertebral column
- floating ribs
- true ribs
- false ribs
44
vertebral column function
- support head and body
- transmit spinal cord
- anchor for ribs
45
common features of vertebral column
- spinous process
- neural arch
- articular facets
- tranverse process
- vertebral foramen
- vertebral body
46
cervical
- transverse foramen
- small size
47
thoracic
- articulation for ribs
- heart-shapes body
48
lumbar
- large size
-prominent spinous process (posteriorly oriented)
49
sternum
- manubrium
- corpus sterni
50
types of ribs
- true ribs (1-7)
- false ribs (8-10)
- floating ribs (11-12)
51
ribs
- head
- neck
- shaft
- tubercle
52
clavicle
- sternal end
- acromial end
53
scapula
- coracoid process
- acromion
- glenoid fossa
54
humerus
- humeral head
- greater tubercle and lesser tubercle
- bicipital groove
- lateral and medial epicondyle
- capitulum
- tronchlea
- olecranon fossa
- coronoid fossa
55
radius
- radial head
- radial tuberosity
- neck
- interosseous crest
- radial styfoid process
56
ulna
- olecranon
- trochlear notch
- radial notch
- interosseous crest
- ulnar styloid process
57
hand
- metacarpals
- carpals
- phalanges
58
pelvic girdle
- auricular surface
- ilium
- sacrum
- acetabulum
- ischium
- pubis
- pubic symphysis
- sacrum
-coccyx
59
sacrum
- ala
- promontory
- fused sacral bodies
60
femur
- femoral head
- forea capitis
- femoral neck
- greater and lesser trochanter
- linea aspera
- medial and lateral condyle
- patellar surface
61
tibia
- tibial plateau
- intercondylar eminence
- medial and lateral condyles
- tibial tuberosity
- medial malleolus
62
fibula
- styloid process
- lateral malleolus
- interosseous crest
63
foot
- metatarsals
- tarsals
- phalanges
