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ANT203 > Skeletal Biology 1 > Flashcards

Skeletal Biology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ethics in skeletal biology

A
  • anthropometry and craniometry
  • contribution to scientific racism
  • questionable acquisition of human skeletal remains
  • ethics of research and teaching
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2
Q

ethical responsibilities of skeletal research

A
  • respect for human dignity
  • descendant rights
  • the preservation ethic
  • laboratory codes of conduct
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3
Q

Musculoskeletal system; structural

A
  • support
  • protection
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4
Q

Musculoskeletal system; physiological

A

metabolic

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5
Q

osteogenic

A

stem cell

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6
Q

components of bone

A
  • cells
  • fibres; collagen
  • mineralized tissue; hydroxyapatite
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7
Q

osteoblast

A

bone forming

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8
Q

osteoclast

A

bone eating

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9
Q

osteocyte

A

bone cell

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10
Q

osteon (haversian system)

A
  • communciation, nutrition
  • bone cells within concentric layers
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11
Q

remodeling bone tissue

A
  • growth and development
  • maintenance
  • etraction of nutrients
  • response to stimuli
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12
Q

two types of bone

A
  • woven bone
  • lameliar bone
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13
Q

woven bone

A

formed when there is very rapid new bone formation, as occurs in the repair of a fracture

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14
Q

lameller bone

A
  • corticaal/compact; periosyeum/endosteum
  • cancellous/ spoungy/ trabucelar
  • medullary cavity; bone marrow
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15
Q

joints

A
  • bones connect to each other
  • elastic cartilage; most flexible (ex. ear)
  • hyaline cartilafe; 2nd most flexible (ex. nose)
  • fibro-cartilage; least flexible (ex knee)
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16
Q

fibrous joints

A
  • not moveable
  • sutures
  • syndesmosis
  • gomphosis
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17
Q

cartilaginous joints

A
  • slightly moveable
  • symphysis
  • synchondrosis
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18
Q

synovial joints

A
  • highly moveable
  • joiny capsule
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19
Q

movement

A

bone supports; ligaments, tendons

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20
Q

regions of the skeleton

A
  • 206 bones divided into 2 regions
  • axial skeleton
  • appendicular skeleton
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21
Q

axial skeleton

A

The bones in the head, neck, back, and chest, which form the body’s vertical axis
- skull
- vertebral column
- rib cage
- sternum

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22
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

The bones in the shoulders, pelvis, and limbs, which attach to the axial skeleton. The appendicular skeleton enables the body to move
- bones in upper/lower limbs (arms hands legs feet)

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23
Q

anatomical orientation

A
  • anterior (front)/posterior (back), dorsal/ventral
  • lateral (left or right)/medial (midline of body/head)
  • superior (towards head end of body; upper) /inferior (away from head end of the body; lower)
  • proximal (nearest center of body) /distal (further away from center of body)
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24
Q

types of bones

A
  • 4 types
  • long bones
  • short bones
  • flat bones
  • irregular bones
  • sesamoid and sutural bones can vary between individuals
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25
Q

how to tell different bones apart

A
  • projections
  • depressions, fossae, and grooves
  • foramina and canals
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26
Q

skull frontal

A
  • cranium; orbits, nasal aperture
  • mandible
27
Q

skull parietal

A
  • cranium; cranial vault, spaces for chewing muscles
  • mandible; mental eminence
28
Q

skull back

A
  • cranium; attatchment to nuchal (neck) muscles, passage for the spine
  • mandible
29
Q

cranium

A
  • has 28 bones
  • 22 paired, 6 unpaired
30
Q

cranium frontal

A
  • squama
  • superciliary arch
  • supraorbital margin
31
Q

cranium parietal

A
  • temporal lines
  • meningeal grooves
32
Q

cranium temporal

A
  • squama
  • zygomatic process
  • external accoustic meatus
  • mastoid process
  • mandibular fossa; temporomandibular joint
  • petrous portion
33
Q

cranium auditory ossicles

A
  • stapes
  • incus
  • malleus
34
Q

cranium occipital

A
  • external occipital protuberance
  • nuchal lines
  • foramen magnum
  • occipital condyle
35
Q

cranium facial bones

A
  • maxilla
  • zygomatic
36
Q

mandible

A
  • mandibular condyle
  • ramus
  • gonial angle
  • body
  • mental protuberance
37
Q

human dentition functions

A
  • mastication
  • paramastication
38
Q

dental formula human

A

2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3 x 2 = 32

39
Q

deciduous

A

primary or milk

40
Q

permanent

A

adult

41
Q

tooth anatomy

A
  • gomphosis; periodontal ligaments
  • enamel
  • dentin
  • pulp cavity
  • apex
42
Q

hyoid

A
  • inferior to the mandible
  • anchors muscles involved in speech
43
Q

thorax

A
  • protection of vital organs
  • anchoring of musculature
  • sternum
  • costal cartilage
  • vertebral column
  • floating ribs
  • true ribs
  • false ribs
44
Q

vertebral column function

A
  • support head and body
  • transmit spinal cord
  • anchor for ribs
45
Q

common features of vertebral column

A
  • spinous process
  • neural arch
  • articular facets
  • tranverse process
  • vertebral foramen
  • vertebral body
46
Q

cervical

A
  • transverse foramen
  • small size
47
Q

thoracic

A
  • articulation for ribs
  • heart-shapes body
48
Q

lumbar

A
  • large size
    -prominent spinous process (posteriorly oriented)
49
Q

sternum

A
  • manubrium
  • corpus sterni
50
Q

types of ribs

A
  • true ribs (1-7)
  • false ribs (8-10)
  • floating ribs (11-12)
51
Q

ribs

A
  • head
  • neck
  • shaft
  • tubercle
52
Q

clavicle

A
  • sternal end
  • acromial end
53
Q

scapula

A
  • coracoid process
  • acromion
  • glenoid fossa
54
Q

humerus

A
  • humeral head
  • greater tubercle and lesser tubercle
  • bicipital groove
  • lateral and medial epicondyle
  • capitulum
  • tronchlea
  • olecranon fossa
  • coronoid fossa
55
Q

radius

A
  • radial head
  • radial tuberosity
  • neck
  • interosseous crest
  • radial styfoid process
56
Q

ulna

A
  • olecranon
  • trochlear notch
  • radial notch
  • interosseous crest
  • ulnar styloid process
57
Q

hand

A
  • metacarpals
  • carpals
  • phalanges
58
Q

pelvic girdle

A
  • auricular surface
  • ilium
  • sacrum
  • acetabulum
  • ischium
  • pubis
  • pubic symphysis
  • sacrum
    -coccyx
59
Q

sacrum

A
  • ala
  • promontory
  • fused sacral bodies
60
Q

femur

A
  • femoral head
  • forea capitis
  • femoral neck
  • greater and lesser trochanter
  • linea aspera
  • medial and lateral condyle
  • patellar surface
61
Q

tibia

A
  • tibial plateau
  • intercondylar eminence
  • medial and lateral condyles
  • tibial tuberosity
  • medial malleolus
62
Q

fibula

A
  • styloid process
  • lateral malleolus
  • interosseous crest
63
Q

foot

A
  • metatarsals
  • tarsals
  • phalanges

ANT203 (11 decks)

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