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Anatomy / Physio II > Skeletal and Smooth Muscle > Flashcards

Skeletal and Smooth Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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2
Q

What type of cartilage is a symphyses joint made of?

A

Fibrocartilage

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3
Q

What type of cartilage is a synchondrosis joint made of?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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4
Q

What are thin filaments made of?

A
  1. G-actin

2. F-actin

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5
Q

fetal structure which gives rise to the pulmonary trunk

A

conus arteriosis

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6
Q

Legamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the ____ ____

A

ductus arteriosus

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7
Q

Extrafusal fibers are _____ motor neurons

A

alpha

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8
Q

Intrafusal fibers are ____ motor neurons

A

gamma

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9
Q

What two types of sensors are within the muscle spindle?

A
  1. nuclear chain fibers

2. nuclear bag fibers

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10
Q

What do muscle spindles do?

A

sense rate of stretch in the deep tendon reflex

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11
Q

What are Type I fibers?

A

Slow twitch muscles. Endurance. Small diameter. Aerobic respiration. Resist fatigue. Low stores of glycogen.

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12
Q

What are Type IIa fibers?

A

Intermediate twitch muscles

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13
Q

What are Type IIb fibers?

A

Fast twitch fibers.

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14
Q

Type I fibers are red due to _______

A

high amount of myoglobin

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15
Q

Type IIb fibers are white due to ______

A

lack of myoglobin content

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16
Q

Reflex circuitry is located ______

A

exclusively in the spinal cord

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17
Q

Actin and myosin overlap in smooth muscle, giving rise to a ______ _______

A

Dense Body

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18
Q

What are the two noncontractile intermediate filaments located in smooth muscle?

A

Desmin and Vimentin

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19
Q

How many calcium molecules bind to calmodulin in contraction?

A

4

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20
Q

Define extensibility

A

Ability of a muscle to stretch to its normal resting length and beyond

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21
Q

Elasticity

A

ability of a muscle to recoil back to its original length after being stretched

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22
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

stem cells under skeletal muscle basement membrane

23
Q

Darker bands in a muscle are __ bands. The lighter bands are __ bands.

A

Dark - A bands

Light - I bands

24
Q

What is the largest protein known?

A

Titin

25
Q

What binds to the Z and M lines of a muscle?

A

Titin

26
Q

Where is Dystrophin found?

A

Just inside the sarcolmma

27
Q

Dystrophin transfers force from the contractile system to the outside of the cells via membrane-spanning proteins called _______

A

Integrins

28
Q

How do muscle shorten during contraction?

A

Actin slides over myosin

29
Q

Troponin-tropomyosin complex regulates contraction in response to ____

A

calcium

30
Q

Thin filaments are composed of ____, _____, and _____

A

actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

31
Q

How is the myosin head dislodged from actin after the power stroke?

A

ATP

32
Q

Why does rigor mortis occur?

A

the muscles are unable to relax due to lack of ATP following death

33
Q

When can optimal force from a muscle can be produced?

A

From rest

34
Q

High levels of troponin in the blood can indicate what? (2 things)

A
  1. heart attack

2. recent exercise

35
Q

What is a motor endplate?

A

Where a motor neuron synapses on the sarcolemma

36
Q

The infoldings of a motor endplate are lined with ______

A

ACh receptors

37
Q

What is the purpose of T-Tubules?

A

to bring stimulation/signal from a motor unit deep inside a muscle cell so all sarcomeres can be contracted

38
Q

Depolarization wave goes all the way down the T-tubles to the _______ channels

A

L-Type Ca2+ channels

39
Q

L-Type Ca2+ channels are mechanically coupled to _____ channels, which release Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm

A

Ryanodine channels

40
Q

Ca2+ binds to subunit on _____, hich reveals the binding site for myosin

A

troponin

41
Q

Botulinum toxin interferes with _____ release

A

ACh

42
Q

How does Curare cause paralysis?

A

binds/blocks ACh receptors

43
Q

What is Myasthenia gravis?

A

Paralysis from antibodies blocking ACh from reaching muscle fibers

44
Q

What is a possible treatment for Myasthenia gravis?

A

Eserine

45
Q

Does the heart undergo temporal summation of twitches from individual action potentials?

A

FUCK NO! only skeletal muscle does that shit

46
Q

What is Tetanus?

A

a sustained contraction in skeletal muscle

47
Q

What is the difference between Isometric and Isotonic contraction?

A

Isometric - muscle is stimulated but doesn’t move

Isotonic - muscle shortens with stimulation

48
Q

What is creatine phosphate?

A

Energy source/protein present in muscle

49
Q

Once creatine phosphate is drained, how does the muscle use energy?

A
  1. Anaerobic respiration - buildup of lactic acid

2. Aerobic respiration - needs oxygen. Produces more ATP than anaerobic

50
Q

What is the difference between visceral and multiunit smooth muscle?

A

visceral - functional unit that works through gap junctions

multiunit - individual nerve endings to individual muscle fibers

51
Q

Smooth muscle cell margins contain _____

A

caveolae

52
Q

Smooth muscle has small indentations of _____ _____ instead of receptor mediated endocytosis

A

pinocytotic vesicles

53
Q

Contraction is mediated by _____ ______ _____

A

Myosin Filmanet Proteins

54
Q

Relaxation is mediated by ____ _____ ______

A

Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase

Anatomy / Physio II (9 decks)

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