Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
Define Aponeurosis
Broad sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue that invest and forms attachments for various muscles
Define Peritoneum
Smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen
The peritoneum is folded inward over the _____ and ____ viscera, and consists of an outer layer closely adherent to the walls of the abdomen called the ______ layer, and an inner visceral layer that folds to invest the _____.
The peritoneum is folded inward over the abdominal and pelvic viscera, and consists of an outer layer closely adherent to the walls of the abdomen called the parietal layer, and an inner visceral layer that folds to invest the viscera
The Omentum is a fold of ______ connecting or supporting abdominal structure such as the _____ and _____
Omentum is a fold of peritoneum connecting or supporting abdominal structures such as the stomach and liver
The Mesentery is a fold of ______ that connects some abdominal viscera to the _______
The mesentary is a fold of peritoneum that connects some abdominal viscera to the posterior body wall
Where is the retroperitoneum located?
Behind the peritoneum
What are examples of organs that are retroperitoneal?
- Kidneys
- Ascending and descending colon
- Most of pancreas
- Most of duodenum
Is the esophagus in front of or behind the trachea?
Behind
What is a Hiatel Hernia?
A hernia in which the stomachs protrudes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
What is the cardiac notch of the stomach?
Acute angle formed between esophagus and stomach
Ascending and descending colons are ______
retroperitoneal
The sigmoid colon is in the _______, not the ______
sigmoid colon in the pelvic cavity not the abdomen
What are the appendices epiploicae?
small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon and upper part of the rectum
What are the taenia coli?
Three separate bands of smooth muscle on the outside of the colon
Which liver lobe is larger and heavier?
right
The liver has __ lobes and __ portal segments
2 lobes
4 portal segments
The _____ _____ is the obliterated fibrous remnant of the left umbilical vein of the fetus. It originates at the ______ and passes superiorly in the free margin of the ______ ______.
The ligamentum teres is the obliterated fibrous remnant of the left umbilical vein of the fetus. It originates at the umbilicus and passes superiorly in the free margin of the falciform ligament
What ligament contains the portal triad?
Hepatoduodenal ligament
What is the hepatic portal system?
A group of veins that carry blood from the capillaries of the stomach intestine, spleen, and pancreas to the sinusoids of the liver
What is portal hypertension?
Hyptertension in the hepatic portal system caused by venous obstruction or occlusion by venous obstruction, or occulsion that produces splenomegaly and ascites in its later stages
Define ascites
Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the spaces between tissues and organs int he cavity of the abdomen
What are the three major consequences of portal hypertension?
- Esophageal varicosities
- Hemorrhoids
- Umbilical varicosities (caput madusa)
What are the leading causes of portal hypertension in the US?
Alcoholic and viral cirrhosis
What are liver function tests?
A series of special blood tests that can often determine whether or not the liver is functioning properly. Can also distinguish between acute and chronic liver disorders and between hepatitis and cholestasis.
What are the 8 liver function tests?
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
- Aminotransferase (AST)
- Alkaline Phosphatase
- Gamma Glutamic Transpeptidase (GGT)
- Bilirubin
- Albumin
- Prothrombin time (Pt)
- Platelet count
What three structures are in the portal triad?
- Bile duct
- Hepatic artery
- Portal Vein
Blood and bile move in _____ directions in the portal system?
Opposite directions
What are the components of the Biliary tree?
- Right/Left hepatic ducts
- Common Hepatic duct
- Common bile duct
- Main/Auxiliary pancreatic ducts
- Ampulla of Vater
- Sphincter of Oddi
Gallstones can form when bile contains too much what?
- Cholesterol
2. Bilirubin
Gallstones can form when bile doesn’t contain enough what?
Bile salts
Gout is a _____ disease marked by a painful inflammation of the _____, deposits of _____ in and around the joints, and usually an excessive amount of _____ in the blood
A metabolic disease marked by a painful inflammation of the joints, deposits of urates in and around the joints, and usually an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood
Pancreatic Cancer is the cause of extrahepatic obstruction of bile resulting in _______
Jaundice
Pancreatic Cancer may cause ____ or ____ obstruction
Portal or IVC obstruction
How many new cases of Pancreatic cancer occur every year? Deaths?
New cases: 43,140
Deaths: 36,800
