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A-LEVEL PE [Paper 1-Mr Neville] > Skeletal and muscular systems > Flashcards

Skeletal and muscular systems Flashcards

1
Q

Define ISOTONIC CONTRACTION

A

contractions that cause the muscle to change length, producing movement

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2
Q

Define CONCENTRIC

A

contractions that cause the muscle to shorten e.g. bicep curl (upwards)

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3
Q

Define ECCENTRIC

A

contractions that cause the muscle to lengthen e.g. bicep curl (downwards)

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4
Q

Define ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

A

there is no change in the length of the contracting muscle, causing no movement

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5
Q

Define LATERAL

A

towards the outside

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6
Q

Define MEDIAL

A

towards the middle

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7
Q

Define POSTERIOR

A

towards the back

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8
Q

Define ANTERIOR

A

towards the front

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9
Q

What movement occurs at the HIP ?

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • adduction
  • abduction
  • medial rotation
  • lateral rotation
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10
Q

What movement occurs at the KNEE ?

A
  • flexion

- extension`

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11
Q

What movement occurs at the ANKLE ?

A
  • plantar flexion

- dorsi flexion

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12
Q

HIP : FLEXION : AGONIST

A

iliopsoas

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13
Q

HIP : EXTENSION : AGONIST

A

gluteus maximus

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14
Q

HIP : ADDUCTION : AGONIST

A

adductor longus

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15
Q

HIP : ABDUCTION : AGONIST

A

gluteus medius

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16
Q

HIP : M.ROTATION : AGONIST

A

gluteus medius

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17
Q

HIP : L.ROTATION : AGONIST

A

gluteus maximus

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18
Q

KNEE : FLEXION : AGONIST

A

bicep femoris

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19
Q

KNEE : EXTENSION : AGONIST

A

rectus femoris

20
Q

ANKLE : PLANTAR FLEXION : AGONIST

A

gastrocnemius

21
Q

ANKLE : DORSI FLEXION : AGONIST

A

tibialis anterior

22
Q

SPINE : EXTENSION : AGONIST

A

erector spinae

23
Q

SPINE : FLEXION : AGONIST

A

rectus abdominus

24
Q

Describe the frontal plane

A

splits the body into front to back parts

25
Q

Describe the sagittal plane

A

splits the body into left and right parts

26
Q

Describe the transverse plane

A

splits the body into upper and lower parts

27
Q

Give a sporting example that goes through the frontal plane

A

a starjump

28
Q

Give a sporting example that goes through the sagittal plane

A

a somersalt

29
Q

Give a sporting example that goes through the transverse plane

A

arm action when throwing a discus

30
Q

Define the origin

A

the point of muscular attachment to a stationary bone which stays fixed during muscular contraction

31
Q

Define the insertion

A

the point of muscular attachment to a moveable bone which gets closer to the origin during muscular contraction

32
Q

Define the fixator

A

a muscle that stabilises a joint

33
Q

Descibe the structure of the motor unit

A

motor neurone, axon, muscle fibres

34
Q

What is the ‘all or none’ law?

A

depending on whether the action potential is above a threshold, all muscle fibres will contract or none will contract at all

35
Q

What are the three muscle types?

A

Slow oxidative, fast oxidative glycolytic, fast glycolytic

36
Q

Give 2 characteristics of slow oxidative muscle fibres

A

produces a small amount of force, high resistance to fatigue

37
Q

Give 2 characteristics of fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres

A

produces a large amount of force, moderate resistance to fatigue

38
Q

Give 2 characteristics of fast glycolytic muscle fibres

A

produces the largest force, low resistance to fatigue

39
Q

Give the function of flat bones and an example

A

protect internal organs e.g sternum

40
Q

Give the function of long bones and an example

A

act as levers for movements e.g femur

41
Q

Give the function of irregular bones and an example

A

protects the spinal cord e.g vertebrae

42
Q

Give the function of short bones and an example

A

weights bearing e.g carpals

43
Q

Give the function of sesamoid bones and an example

A

ease joint movements e.g patella

44
Q

Name the 5 features of a synovial joint

A

ligament, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, joint capsule, bursa

45
Q

Name the bones in the axial skeleton

A

cranium, sternum, rib cage, vertebral column

46
Q

EQ. Identify one of the quadricep muscles and the type of synovial joint at the knee. Outline the functional role and type of contraction in the quadriceps muscle during the preparation and execution of the kick. (6 marks)

A
  • one quadricep muscle is the rectus femoris
  • the knee is a hinge joint
  • during the preparation of a kick, the rectus femoris is the antagonist
  • eccentrically contracts
  • during execution, the rectus femoris is the agonsit
  • concentrically contracts

A-LEVEL PE [Paper 1-Mr Neville] (10 decks)

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