Skeletal Anatomy of the Dog Flashcards
Refers to the framework of hard structures (bones and cartilages) which supports and protects the soft tissues of animals
Skeletal System
Functions of the Skeleton
• Support the body
• Levers for locomotion
• Protect soft parts
Classification of Bones
- Long Bones
- Short Bones
- Flat Bones
- Irregular Bones
Longer than wide, three primary ossification centers (1 diaphysis
and 2 epiphyses)
Give example
Long bones
Humerus, Femur
cube-shaped; usually has one center of ossification
Short Bone
carpals and tarsals
two plates of compact bone, separated by cancellous bone
give ex.
Flat Bone
Scapula, pelvis, skull
No uniformity in development
Irregular Bones
vertebrae
Ribs cannot be satisfactorily included in the above groups. They are considered as
aberrant long bones
bones which are developed in tendons to
afford increased leverage
ex.
Sessamoid
patella
Structure of Bones
- Compact or dense
- Spongy or cancellous
- Cortex
- Medullary Cavity
compact, lamellar bone arranged in a series of concentric tubes (_________) about small central canals (_________)
Cortex
osteons, haversian canals
inner surface of the shaft
Medullary Cavity
Medullary Cavity is also called the ________ in skull bones.
Diploe
highly vascularized gelatinous tissue in which red and granular blood cells (RBC, WBC and platelet) are produced (_____________) in young animals;
Red Marrow
hematopoiesis
-contains fat, stem cells for growth of bone.
- can be seen in shafts of long bones
Yellow Marrow
refer to either end of a long bone.
Epiphysis
the cylindrical shaft of a long bone between the two epiphysis
Diaphysis
the flared area adjacent to the epiphysis
Metaphysis
thin layer of articular cartilage that covers the articular (joint) surface of a bone.
Articular Cartilage
A tough fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone except where the articular cartilage is located
Periosteum
fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity.
Endosteum
Vessels and Nerves of Bone
- Nutrient artery and vein
- Periosteal arteries and veins
Passes to nutrient foramen and canal
Nutrient artery and vein
are numerous but small; these arteries supply the extremities of long bones and much of the compact bone also.
Periosteal arteries and veins
