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PSA606 Anatomy & Physiology > Skeletal Anatomy > Flashcards

Skeletal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The central axis consists of what skeletal components?

A 
Skull
Sternum
Ribs
Cartilage
Vertebrae
Sacrum
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2
Q

What is a fossa/sulcus?

A

Hollow in bone.

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3
Q

What is a facet?

A

Dip where two bones meet.

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4
Q

What are the function of flat bones within the skull?

A

Two layers of compact bone for ‘crumple zone’ (formed by spongy).

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5
Q

Where is the frontal bone located in the cranium?

A

Forehead, superior surface of the oribits (eye sockets).

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6
Q

Where is the parietal bone located in the cranium?

A

Sides/roof of cranium, do not form base of cranium.

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7
Q

Where is the temporal bone located in the cranium?

A

Side/base of cranium, inner ear structures.

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8
Q

Where is the occipital bone located in the cranium?

A

Foramen magnum (large hole in base for passage of spinal cord).

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9
Q

Where is the sphenoid bone located in the cranium?

A

Bridge between cranial and facial bones.

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10
Q

Where is the ethmoid bone located in the cranium?

A

Cribriform plate (nasal cavity, holes for olfactory nerves), nasal septum.

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11
Q

Where is the maxillary bone located in the face?

A

Upper jaw, surrounds nasal cavity.

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12
Q

Where is the zygomatic bones located in the face?

A

Lateral to maxilla, cheekbones, arch with temporal bones.

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13
Q

Where is the mandible bone located in the face?

A

Lower jaw, supports teeth, freely moveable.

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14
Q

Where is the nasal bones located in the face?

A

Form nasal bridge

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15
Q

Where is the nasal conchae located in the face?

A

Extends into nasal cavity, has mucus membranes.

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16
Q

Where is the nasal septum located and what bones does it fuse with?

A

Division between two sides of nose, forms part of ethmoid bone and vomer

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17
Q

What is the role of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Resonance for sound/voice, makes bones hollow and lighter.

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18
Q

What are the four paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. Frontal sinus
  2. Ethmoid sinus
  3. Sphenoidal sinus
  4. Maxillary sinus
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19
Q

What are fontanels?

A

Cartilage which allows flat bones to continue growing.

- Intramembranous ossification

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20
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

A
  1. Support - curves help alignment of weight.
  2. Protects spinal cord.
  3. Posture - allows for twisting of trunk.
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21
Q

The vertebral column consists of 26 bones, how are these divided?

A 
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
sacrum (fused bones, forms pelvis)
coccyx
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22
Q

What is the functions of the ‘body’ in the vertebral column?

A

Weight bearing, articulates with bodies, separated by intervertebral discs.

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23
Q

What is the functions of the ‘arch’ in the vertebral column?

A

Extends posteriorly, has a pedicle, lamina, surrounds foramen (protects spinal cord).

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24
Q

What is the function of the ‘spinous process’ in the vertebral column?

A

Muscle attachment.

25
Q

What is the function of the ‘transverse process’ in the vertebral column?

A

Muscle attachment at side.

26
Q

Articular processes (facets), articulate where?

A

Above and below.

27
Q

What are the three variations of vertebral column?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar.

28
Q

Describe the components of the cervical body.

A

Oval body supports head.

Transverse formina for passageway of arteries to brain.

Bifid (split) spinous process for ligament attachment.

29
Q

Describe the components of the thoracic body.

A

Heart shaped.

Articulates with ribs.

Long inferiorly faced spinous process.

30
Q

Describe the components of the lumbar body.

A

Largest

Smallest foramen.

Blade-like transverse process.

31
Q

The Atlas (C1) articulates with what bone?

A

Occipital bone

32
Q

Describe how the axis (C2) allows for rotation.

A

Dens (peg-like structure) forms a pivot and allows for movement of head - articulates with atlas.

33
Q

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

A

Protects heart and lungs.

Allows for expansion and contraction for ventilation.

34
Q

What two components make up the thoracic cage?

A

Sternum

Ribs

35
Q

How many pairs of true and false ribs do we have? Describe the difference between them.

A

True (7) - cartilaginous joint with sternum.

False (5) - no costal cartilage.

36
Q

The head of the ribs articulates with what?

A

Vertebral body

37
Q

The pectoral girdle allows for articulation of the arm, what role does the scapular spine play in this?

A

Muscle attachment

38
Q

The pectoral girdle allows for articulation of the arm, what role does the glenoid cavity play in this?

A

Forms the ‘socket’ part of the joint.

39
Q

The head of then humerus articulates with what?

A

Scapula.

40
Q

The distal condyles of the humerus articulate with what?

A

Radius and Ulna

41
Q

Is the radius located laterally or medially?

A

Laterally (thumb-side)

42
Q

The styloid process of the radius articulates with what?

A

Wrist joint (attached with tendons).

43
Q

The trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with what?

A

Humerus

44
Q

The olecranon forms what part of our arm?

A

Elbow

45
Q

What are the two rows of the carpal bones? What do they articulate with?

A
  1. Proximal - radius.

2. Distal - metacarpals.

46
Q

Metacarpals are numbered from what to what?

A

I to V

47
Q

Phalanges articulate with metacarpals. How many are in each finger.

A

3 in each finger.

2 in pollex (thumb)

48
Q

Pelvis allows for articulation of legs. What does it consist of?

A

Os coxae: ilium, ischium, pubis

Sacrum

Coccyx

49
Q

Fusion of the ilium, ischium and pubis helps with what?

A

Provides more strength and support for body weight.

50
Q

What is the name of the socket in the hip?

A

Acetabulum.

51
Q

What is deeper: the acetabulum or gelnoid cavity?

A

Acetabulum

52
Q

The medial and lateral condyles of the tibia articulate with what?

A

Femur.

53
Q

What protrudes on the inner side of the ankle joint?

A

Medial malleolus

54
Q

Other than the medial malleolus, what other component of the tibia participates in the ankle joint?

A

Distal articular surface

55
Q

The top of the fibula articulates with what?

A

Head of tibia.

56
Q

What protrudes on the outer side of the ankle joint?

A

Lateral malleolus

57
Q

How many tarsal bones are there? State the main two.

A

7
Talus
Calcaneous

58
Q

The foot includes what two types of bone?

A

Metatarsals and phalanges

59
Q

How many phalanges are in the hallux (big toe)?

A

2

PSA606 Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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