Skeletal Anatomy Flashcards
The central axis consists of what skeletal components?
Skull Sternum Ribs Cartilage Vertebrae Sacrum
What is a fossa/sulcus?
Hollow in bone.
What is a facet?
Dip where two bones meet.
What are the function of flat bones within the skull?
Two layers of compact bone for ‘crumple zone’ (formed by spongy).
Where is the frontal bone located in the cranium?
Forehead, superior surface of the oribits (eye sockets).
Where is the parietal bone located in the cranium?
Sides/roof of cranium, do not form base of cranium.
Where is the temporal bone located in the cranium?
Side/base of cranium, inner ear structures.
Where is the occipital bone located in the cranium?
Foramen magnum (large hole in base for passage of spinal cord).
Where is the sphenoid bone located in the cranium?
Bridge between cranial and facial bones.
Where is the ethmoid bone located in the cranium?
Cribriform plate (nasal cavity, holes for olfactory nerves), nasal septum.
Where is the maxillary bone located in the face?
Upper jaw, surrounds nasal cavity.
Where is the zygomatic bones located in the face?
Lateral to maxilla, cheekbones, arch with temporal bones.
Where is the mandible bone located in the face?
Lower jaw, supports teeth, freely moveable.
Where is the nasal bones located in the face?
Form nasal bridge
Where is the nasal conchae located in the face?
Extends into nasal cavity, has mucus membranes.
Where is the nasal septum located and what bones does it fuse with?
Division between two sides of nose, forms part of ethmoid bone and vomer
What is the role of the paranasal sinuses?
Resonance for sound/voice, makes bones hollow and lighter.
What are the four paranasal sinuses?
- Frontal sinus
- Ethmoid sinus
- Sphenoidal sinus
- Maxillary sinus
What are fontanels?
Cartilage which allows flat bones to continue growing.
- Intramembranous ossification
What are the functions of the vertebral column?
- Support - curves help alignment of weight.
- Protects spinal cord.
- Posture - allows for twisting of trunk.
The vertebral column consists of 26 bones, how are these divided?
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar sacrum (fused bones, forms pelvis) coccyx
What is the functions of the ‘body’ in the vertebral column?
Weight bearing, articulates with bodies, separated by intervertebral discs.
What is the functions of the ‘arch’ in the vertebral column?
Extends posteriorly, has a pedicle, lamina, surrounds foramen (protects spinal cord).
What is the function of the ‘spinous process’ in the vertebral column?
Muscle attachment.
What is the function of the ‘transverse process’ in the vertebral column?
Muscle attachment at side.
Articular processes (facets), articulate where?
Above and below.
What are the three variations of vertebral column?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar.
Describe the components of the cervical body.
Oval body supports head.
Transverse formina for passageway of arteries to brain.
Bifid (split) spinous process for ligament attachment.
Describe the components of the thoracic body.
Heart shaped.
Articulates with ribs.
Long inferiorly faced spinous process.
Describe the components of the lumbar body.
Largest
Smallest foramen.
Blade-like transverse process.
The Atlas (C1) articulates with what bone?
Occipital bone
Describe how the axis (C2) allows for rotation.
Dens (peg-like structure) forms a pivot and allows for movement of head - articulates with atlas.
What is the function of the thoracic cage?
Protects heart and lungs.
Allows for expansion and contraction for ventilation.
What two components make up the thoracic cage?
Sternum
Ribs
How many pairs of true and false ribs do we have? Describe the difference between them.
True (7) - cartilaginous joint with sternum.
False (5) - no costal cartilage.
The head of the ribs articulates with what?
Vertebral body
The pectoral girdle allows for articulation of the arm, what role does the scapular spine play in this?
Muscle attachment
The pectoral girdle allows for articulation of the arm, what role does the glenoid cavity play in this?
Forms the ‘socket’ part of the joint.
The head of then humerus articulates with what?
Scapula.
The distal condyles of the humerus articulate with what?
Radius and Ulna
Is the radius located laterally or medially?
Laterally (thumb-side)
The styloid process of the radius articulates with what?
Wrist joint (attached with tendons).
The trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with what?
Humerus
The olecranon forms what part of our arm?
Elbow
What are the two rows of the carpal bones? What do they articulate with?
- Proximal - radius.
2. Distal - metacarpals.
Metacarpals are numbered from what to what?
I to V
Phalanges articulate with metacarpals. How many are in each finger.
3 in each finger.
2 in pollex (thumb)
Pelvis allows for articulation of legs. What does it consist of?
Os coxae: ilium, ischium, pubis
Sacrum
Coccyx
Fusion of the ilium, ischium and pubis helps with what?
Provides more strength and support for body weight.
What is the name of the socket in the hip?
Acetabulum.
What is deeper: the acetabulum or gelnoid cavity?
Acetabulum
The medial and lateral condyles of the tibia articulate with what?
Femur.
What protrudes on the inner side of the ankle joint?
Medial malleolus
Other than the medial malleolus, what other component of the tibia participates in the ankle joint?
Distal articular surface
The top of the fibula articulates with what?
Head of tibia.
What protrudes on the outer side of the ankle joint?
Lateral malleolus
How many tarsal bones are there? State the main two.
7
Talus
Calcaneous
The foot includes what two types of bone?
Metatarsals and phalanges
How many phalanges are in the hallux (big toe)?
2
