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PSA606 Anatomy & Physiology > Articulations/Joints > Flashcards

Articulations/Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three structural classifications of joints? State their moving abilities.

A
  1. Synarthrosis - immovable
  2. Amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable
  3. Diarthrosis - freely moveable
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2
Q

Circumduction is a combination of what movements?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.

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3
Q

Rotation is movement around what axis?

A

Longitudinal

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4
Q

Describe pronation.

A

Radius crosses ulna, palm faces posteriorly.

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5
Q

Describe supination.

A

Anatomical position, palm faces anteriorly.

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6
Q

Describe inversion.

A

Twisting of sole medially.

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7
Q

Describe eversion.

A

Twisting of sole laterally.

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8
Q

What classification is a synostosis joint and give an example.

A

Synarthrosis

Joint between left and right frontal bone (bone fused)

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9
Q

What classification is a suture joint and give an example.

A

Synathrosis

Bones interlock and attach by collagen fibres (sutures in cranium).

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10
Q

What classification is a gomphosis joint and give an example.

A

Synarthrosis

Tooth fits in socket attached by a ligament.

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11
Q

What classification is a syndesmosis joint and give an example.

A

Amphiarthrosis

Bones connected by a ligament (e.g. tibia and fibula).

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12
Q

What classification is a synchondrosis joint and give an example.

A

Synarthrosis

Bones attached by cartilage (costal cartilage with ribs).

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13
Q

What classification is a symphysis joint and give an example.

A

Amphiarthrosis

Bones separated by fibrocartilage disc (pubic symphysis).

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14
Q

What classification is a synovial joint and give an example.

A

Diarthrosis

Cartilage, synovial fluid inside joint capsule (end of long bones).

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15
Q

What is the role of articular cartilage?

A

Prevents friction between bones.

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16
Q

Describe what makes up synovial fluid and its functions.

A

Secreted from fibroblasts (high protein content - proteoglycans)

Functions: lubricates, absorbs shock, distributes nutrients.

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17
Q

What is the joint capsule made from?

A

Fibrous connective tissue.

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18
Q

What is the role of cartilage in synovial joints?

A

Cushion joints

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19
Q

What is menisci in synovial joints?

A

Fibrocartilaginous structure - cushions joint, absorbs shock.

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20
Q

What is the role of fat pads in synovial joints?

A

Protect and change shape to fill spaces within the joint for protection.

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21
Q

What is the role of ligaments in synovial joints?

A

Support, strengthen, add stability

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22
Q

What is the role of tendons in synovial joints?

A

Attach muscle to bone for support.

23
Q

What are bursae and what do they do?

A

Pockets of synovial fluid, cushion shock.

24
Q

Which types of synovial joints move mono-axially?

A

Hinge

Pivot

25
Q

Which type(s) of synovial joints move only slightly?

A

Gliding

26
Q

Which types of synovial joints move bi-axially?

A

Condylar

Saddle

27
Q

Which types of synovial joints move tri-axially?

A

Ball and socket

28
Q

What factors affect joint function and range of movement/stability?

A

Joint accessory structures
Tendons/muscles crossing joints
Bones
Fat pads

29
Q

Limiting movement does what to stability at a joint?

A

Increases stability

30
Q

What is the classification for intervertebral dics?

A

Amphiarthrotic, cartilaginous, symphysis

31
Q

What is the outer layer of an intervertebral disc called?

A

Annulus fibrosis.

32
Q

What is the inner layer (elastic core) of an intervertebral disc called?

A

Nucleus pulopsus

33
Q

Addition of an intervertebral disc at the sacrum/coccyx would prevent what?

A

Rotation

34
Q

What happens when a person is said to have a ‘slipped disc’?

A

Disc bulges out of vertebrae and causes pain

35
Q

What would have happened if someone was said to have a ‘herniated disc’?

A

Disc compresses the spinal cord, causes leg pain.

36
Q

What deepens the socket at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Glenoid labrum.

37
Q

The head of the femur articulates with what?

A

Acetabulum

38
Q

What is the role of the acetabular labrum?

A

Deepens the cavity for further stability around the joint.

39
Q

The trochlear of the humerus articulates with what part of the ulna?

A

Trochlear notch

40
Q

The Capitulum of the humerus articulates with what?

A

Radius

41
Q

The trochlear notch limits movement of the elbow for what?

A

Stability

42
Q

The humeroradial joint facilitates what movements?

A

Pronation

Supination

43
Q

What is the posterior aspect of the trochlear notch?

A

Olecranon

44
Q

The knee joint has three articulations, what are these?

A

2x femur-tibia articulations

1x patella-patella surface of femur

45
Q

State all the ligaments within the knee joint.

A 
Patellar
Anterior cruciate (front tibia/back femur)
Posterior cruciate
Tibial collateral
Fibular collateral
46
Q

Does flexion of the knee loosen or tighten ligaments?

A

Loosens - allows for slight rotation.

47
Q

Damage of menisci in the knee joint could lead to what?

A

Difficulty locking knee, joint pain.

48
Q

Describe what must’ve happened for someone to sprain their joint.

A

Tearing of ligament

49
Q

What happens when someone dislocates a joint?

A

Articulating surfaces are displaced.

50
Q

What is the term for ‘partial dislocation’?

A

Subluxation

51
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Damage to articular cartilage and underlying bone.

Inflammatory condition.

Associated with muscle weakness.

52
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

An autoimmune condition.

Inflammation of articular cartilage.

53
Q

What is gouty arthritis?

A

Deposition of uric acid crystals in joint due to metabolic disorder.

PSA606 Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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