Articulations/Joints Flashcards
What are the three structural classifications of joints? State their moving abilities.
- Synarthrosis - immovable
- Amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable
- Diarthrosis - freely moveable
Circumduction is a combination of what movements?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.
Rotation is movement around what axis?
Longitudinal
Describe pronation.
Radius crosses ulna, palm faces posteriorly.
Describe supination.
Anatomical position, palm faces anteriorly.
Describe inversion.
Twisting of sole medially.
Describe eversion.
Twisting of sole laterally.
What classification is a synostosis joint and give an example.
Synarthrosis
Joint between left and right frontal bone (bone fused)
What classification is a suture joint and give an example.
Synathrosis
Bones interlock and attach by collagen fibres (sutures in cranium).
What classification is a gomphosis joint and give an example.
Synarthrosis
Tooth fits in socket attached by a ligament.
What classification is a syndesmosis joint and give an example.
Amphiarthrosis
Bones connected by a ligament (e.g. tibia and fibula).
What classification is a synchondrosis joint and give an example.
Synarthrosis
Bones attached by cartilage (costal cartilage with ribs).
What classification is a symphysis joint and give an example.
Amphiarthrosis
Bones separated by fibrocartilage disc (pubic symphysis).
What classification is a synovial joint and give an example.
Diarthrosis
Cartilage, synovial fluid inside joint capsule (end of long bones).
What is the role of articular cartilage?
Prevents friction between bones.
Describe what makes up synovial fluid and its functions.
Secreted from fibroblasts (high protein content - proteoglycans)
Functions: lubricates, absorbs shock, distributes nutrients.
What is the joint capsule made from?
Fibrous connective tissue.
What is the role of cartilage in synovial joints?
Cushion joints
What is menisci in synovial joints?
Fibrocartilaginous structure - cushions joint, absorbs shock.
What is the role of fat pads in synovial joints?
Protect and change shape to fill spaces within the joint for protection.
What is the role of ligaments in synovial joints?
Support, strengthen, add stability
What is the role of tendons in synovial joints?
Attach muscle to bone for support.
What are bursae and what do they do?
Pockets of synovial fluid, cushion shock.
Which types of synovial joints move mono-axially?
Hinge
Pivot
Which type(s) of synovial joints move only slightly?
Gliding
Which types of synovial joints move bi-axially?
Condylar
Saddle
Which types of synovial joints move tri-axially?
Ball and socket
What factors affect joint function and range of movement/stability?
Joint accessory structures
Tendons/muscles crossing joints
Bones
Fat pads
Limiting movement does what to stability at a joint?
Increases stability
What is the classification for intervertebral dics?
Amphiarthrotic, cartilaginous, symphysis
What is the outer layer of an intervertebral disc called?
Annulus fibrosis.
What is the inner layer (elastic core) of an intervertebral disc called?
Nucleus pulopsus
Addition of an intervertebral disc at the sacrum/coccyx would prevent what?
Rotation
What happens when a person is said to have a ‘slipped disc’?
Disc bulges out of vertebrae and causes pain
What would have happened if someone was said to have a ‘herniated disc’?
Disc compresses the spinal cord, causes leg pain.
What deepens the socket at the glenohumeral joint?
Glenoid labrum.
The head of the femur articulates with what?
Acetabulum
What is the role of the acetabular labrum?
Deepens the cavity for further stability around the joint.
The trochlear of the humerus articulates with what part of the ulna?
Trochlear notch
The Capitulum of the humerus articulates with what?
Radius
The trochlear notch limits movement of the elbow for what?
Stability
The humeroradial joint facilitates what movements?
Pronation
Supination
What is the posterior aspect of the trochlear notch?
Olecranon
The knee joint has three articulations, what are these?
2x femur-tibia articulations
1x patella-patella surface of femur
State all the ligaments within the knee joint.
Patellar Anterior cruciate (front tibia/back femur) Posterior cruciate Tibial collateral Fibular collateral
Does flexion of the knee loosen or tighten ligaments?
Loosens - allows for slight rotation.
Damage of menisci in the knee joint could lead to what?
Difficulty locking knee, joint pain.
Describe what must’ve happened for someone to sprain their joint.
Tearing of ligament
What happens when someone dislocates a joint?
Articulating surfaces are displaced.
What is the term for ‘partial dislocation’?
Subluxation
What is osteoarthritis?
Damage to articular cartilage and underlying bone.
Inflammatory condition.
Associated with muscle weakness.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
An autoimmune condition.
Inflammation of articular cartilage.
What is gouty arthritis?
Deposition of uric acid crystals in joint due to metabolic disorder.
