skeletal 2 (joints)

Question 1

what are the functions of cartilage

Answer 1

structural
sliding area for joint
allows for bone growth

Question 2

name the three types of cartilage

Answer 2

Hyaline, Elastic and fibrocartilage

Question 3

what is a fibrous joint

Answer 3

Connected by dense connective tissue (mainly cartilage)
Is fixed or immovable as they do not have a joint cavity.

Question 4

what is a cartilaginous joint

Answer 4

United by cartilage and they have no intervening joint cavity.
There are two types Synchondroses (immovable) and Symphyses which are flattened discs of fibrocartilage between bones.

Question 5

what is a synovial joint

Answer 5

Bones are separated by a joint cavity of which is filled with synovial fluid (1) (lubricant and nutrients).
A Synovial membrane (2) lines the cavity which is sensitive and supplied with blood vessels.
Articular cartilage (3) covers the surface between the attachment of the joint capsule and the ends of each bone.
Fibrous membrane (4) surrounds the capsule and attaches to the bones on either side, so that movement on the joint is limited.

Question 6

What is a stifle joint

Answer 6

A knee joint, madef rom four bones, patella, femur, tibia and fibuar.
is has ac capsule filled with synovial fluid and the patellar and collateral liagament to move it. inside the join there are the cruciate ligaments (cross) which prevetn tit from moving incorrectly.

Question 7

list the types of joint movements and an exampe for each (seven)

Answer 7

gliding (plane) - intercarpal/tarsal
Hinge - elbow/ankle
pivot - atlas/axis in neck
condylar joint - stifle joint
ellipsoidal - phlanges
saddel - carpometacarpal joint
ball and socet - shoulder/hip

Question 8

define tendon

Answer 8

Join muscle to bone
Pull bones to flex joints
Little stretch
Made of collagen and ground substance
Ground substance = proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans,

Question 9

define ligament

Answer 9

Join bone to bone
Stabilise bones
Stretchy
Made of collagen and ground substance
ground substance = proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans

Question 10

basic structure of the claw

Answer 10

Cuticle (nail) is a hard keratin with no nerves.
Live dermi is under the cuticle and is the growth place for the cuticle.

Question 11

list structures of the hoof

Answer 11

hoof wall, cononary band, frog, white line, tendons,bones, laminae, flat pad