Sitework and Layout, Foundation, Concrete Flashcards
minimum required distance from every structure to the property lines established by a zoning ordinance
Setback
legally defined and recorded boundaries of a parcel of land
Property Line
Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT)
process of transferring the initial key points of an architectural design onto the site
Layout
used on site to establish where the land is
Batter Boards
fixed, static loads made up of the building’s own structure, skin, equipment, and other fixed elements
Dead Loads
Moving or transient loads (occupants, furnishing, rain, snow and ice)
Live Loads
lowest division of a building, designed to support and anchor the superstructure and transmit its loads directly to the earth
Foundation
part of the foundation bearing directly upon the supporting soil
Footing
Resists tension
Steel
Resists compression
Concrete
refers to how strong the soil is
Soil Bearing Capacity
Foundation used when good soil condition exists
Shallow Foundations
single spread footing supporting a freestanding column or pier
Isolated Footing
reinforced concrete footing extended to support a row of columns
Continuous Footing
continuous spread footing of a foundation wall
Strip Footing
reinforced concrete footing for a perimeter column or foundation wall extended to support an interior column load
Combined Footing
thick, slab-like footing of reinforced concrete supporting a number of columns or an entire building
Mat Footing
a mat foundation reinforced by a grid of ribs above or below the slab
Ribbed Mat
used when soil underlying a shallow foundation is unstable or too soft
Deep Foundation
“drilled pier”
hole is drilled or dug (augering) through inadequate soil and then filled w/ concrete
Caisson Foundations
Driven into place instead of being drilled or poured
piles are driven closely together in clusters
Pile Foundations
a proportioned mixture of cement + aggregate + water
Concrete
powder mat’l w/c when combined w/ water possesses adhesive and cohesive properties
binder that hardens in place
Cement
inert granular mat’l such as sand and gravel w/c when mix w/ cement and water result in concrete
Aggregates
combines w/ cement to form a paste, w/c coats and surround the inert particles of aggregates and upon hardening, binds the entire mass together
Water
hardening of concrete
Setting
when mixed w/ water and a fine aggregate (less than 6mm)
mortar, stucco, or cement plaster
when mixed w/ water, fine aggregate and a large aggregate (more than 6mm)
Concrete
when w/o reinforcement (concrete)
Plain/Mass Concrete
concrete in w/c steel reinforcement is embedded
act together in resisting forces
Reinforced Concrete
made by calcination of limestone
added to cement to make it easier to work with
Lime
source of the word plaster
Gypsum
first developed by the Romans
mix of slaked lime w/ ____ (volcanic ash) w/c hardened under water
Pozzolana Cement
Patented Portland Cement
John Aspdin. 1824
Type of Portland Cement: general purpose
Type I: Normal
Type of Portland Cement: moderate resistance to sulfate attack; used in large piers and heavy abutments; used in structures in contact w/ ground water
Type II: Modified Portland Cement
Type of Portland Cement: high strength at early periods; for cold weather construction
Type III: High Early Strength Cement
Type of Portland Cement: generates less heat of hydration; for massive structures (large gravity dams)
Type IV: Low-heat Cement
Type of Portland Cement: for high sulfate resistant attack
Type V: Sulfate Resistant Cement
Type of Portland Cement:manufactured using raw materials; decorative
White Portland Cement
Type of Portland Cement: introduces minute air bubbles to make it resistant to freexing
Air-entraining Portland Cement
Aggregate smaller than 6mm (sand)
Fine Aggregate
Aggregate larger than 6mm (Gravel)
Coarse Aggregate
Water-cement ratio
smaller amt of water = stronger concrete
substances added to a concrete mix to alter or enhance a specific property
Admixtures
minute air bubbles in the concrete mix to increase resistance to freezing
Air-Entraining Agents
to speed up the setting time of concrete
Accelerators
slows down the setting of a concrete mix
Retarders
reduces water requirements of concrete
“plasticizers”
Reducers
reduces the capillary attraction of the voids in the concrete and decreases water absorption (like sahara)
Integral Waterproofing compound
used to give color to concrete
Colored pigments
is strong in handling compression forces, but very week against tension
durable, fireproof, little maintenance
Concrete
strong in handling both compression and tensile forces
expensive, needs fire proofing & maintenance against rust
Steel
strength of a concrete mix is affected by how much water is added
is the amount of water used per bag of cement
Water-Cement Ratio
average amount of water added to concrete mix for ordinary job conditions
6.5 Gallons
Proper proportioning of Cement: __ cement: __ sand: __ gravel + ____ (each part = 1 cubic foot)
1 cement, 2 sand, 4 gravel + Water
1 cement : 1.5 sand : 3 gravel
concrete under water, retaining walls
Class AA
1 cement : 2 sand : 4 gravel
suspended slabs, beams, columns, arches, stairs, walls of 4” thk
Class A
1 cement : 2.5 sand : 5 gravel
walls thicker than 4”, footings, steps, reinforced concrete slabs on fill
Class B
1 cement : 3 sand : 6 gravel
concrete plant boxes, and any non-critical concrete structures
Class C
1 cement : 3.5 sand : 7 gravel
for mass concrete works
Class D
Site –> _____ –> _____ –> _____ –> _____ –> _____ –> Load
Site, Foundation, Columns/Post, Girders/Beams, Joists/Beams, Floor, Load
