SITE WORK Flashcards

0
Q

Describe a standard penetration test (SPT)

A

A 2 inch diameter sampler is driven into the bottom of the borehole by a hammer. The number of blows N required to drive the cylinder 1 foot down is recorded.

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1
Q

What are elements that the boring log records?

A

Material, depth encountered, moisture, density, results of borehole tests

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2
Q

How does a test pit work? What oshe practical limit?

A

Trenches dug for visual inspection of the soil…. 10 ft

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3
Q

What kind of soil can be tested with an augur boring?

A

Sand or clay in intermediate depths since the augur can’t penetrate hard obstructions

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4
Q

How does a wash boring work?

A

Penetrates deep into the soil (up to 100’) with a water jet to force up soil material. Analysis difficult because the soil is so mixed….

WITH MIXED RESULTS!

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5
Q

How do you perform a soil load test? And calculate design load?

A

Put a platform on the soil and load it progressively until settlement becomes regular. … Design load is half the test load.

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6
Q

What do the liquid and plastic limits refer to?

A

Cohesive soil … Compression and compaction values

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7
Q

Specific gravity …

A

Determines void ratio which determines compressibility

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8
Q

What is unconfined compression?

A

Measures the shear strength for cohesive soil

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9
Q

What are some problems caused by water in the soil?

A

Reduces load capacity, can cause differential settlement

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10
Q

Foundations below the water table are subject to…

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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11
Q

What two problems does hydrostatic pressure create?

A

Additional loads on structural elements… And on waterproofing as it forces water harder through any possible crack

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12
Q

What are some coarse grained soils and what are some fine grained soils?

A

Coarse: gravels and sands … Both clean and with fines

Fine: silts and clays

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13
Q

What does the Proctor test determine?

A

Optimum relationship between density and moisture content for compaction.

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14
Q

Describe the process of densification (+ 3 ways)

A

On-site compaction involving vibration, dropping heavy weights, or pounding heavy piles into the ground and filling the voids with sand

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15
Q

What is surcharging?

A

Pre-loading the ground with fill material causing consolidation and settlement in the soil before building. Them remove the fill and construction begins.

16
Q

What distinguishes trenching from other excavation?

A

Long narrow excavation

17
Q

What is the difference between earthwork and grading?

A

Earthwork is excavation for construction and grading is modification of the site contours

18
Q

What are breast boards or cribbing?

A

You place them between soldier beams so they bear against the inside face of the shoring flange

19
Q

What is the minimum recommended slope for land around a building?

A

1/4 inch per

Foot

20
Q

How often do you need control joints in a concrete walk? How often do you need expansion joints in a concrete walk?

A

Control joints: every 5 feet

Expansion joints: every 20 feet