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BDCS > MASONRY II > Flashcards

MASONRY II Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vuossoir?

A

Angled masonry pieces that form an arch

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2
Q

Who was F.J. Straub?

A

Invented the cinderblock in the early 1930s

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3
Q

The best ratio for a masonry unit for the most effective bonding

A

4:2:1

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4
Q

“What do you want, Brick?”

A

“I like an arch”

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5
Q

What are the dimensions of a standard building brick?

A

8” x 3 3/4” x 2 1/4”

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6
Q

What is the difference between the soft mud process, the stiff mud process, and the dry – press process?

A

Always to mold brick…

The soft mud process uses molds into which moist clay is pressed by hand or machine

The stiff mud process forces a mixture through a die, extruding a clay ribbon, cut into bricks by stretched wires

The dry – press process uses a relatively dry mixture, pressed into gang molds by plungers under high-pressure. Produces the most accurately formed brick.

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7
Q

If 75% of the bricks total cross-sectional area is solid how is it classified?

Still, a holler brick needs to be at least what percent solid?

A

Classified as solid… 60%

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8
Q

Grades of brick for weathering

A

Grade SW: used in areas of heavy rain, snow, freezing

Grade MW: used in areas of average rain, moderate freezing

Grade and W: used in areas of minimal rain, no freezing

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9
Q

What is face brick?

A

Exposed to view, carefully manufactured to produce high-quality units in specific sizes, textures, and colors… Available in SW and MW grade

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10
Q

Face brick classifications

A

Grade FBX: high degree of mechanical perfection, narrow color range, minimum size variation

Grade FBS: Greater size variation, wide color range

Grade FBA: non-uniform in size, color, texture

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11
Q

Grades of hollow brick

A

Grade HBX: high degree of mechanical perfection, minimum size variation, narrow color range

Grade HBS: Prater size variation and white coloring

Great HBA: non-uniform in size, color, and texture

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12
Q

What is backup brick?

A

Inferior brick used behind face brick

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13
Q

What is paving brick?

A

Hard, dense brick used in pavements

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14
Q

What is firebrick?

A

Brick made with a great resistance to high temperatures, as in a fireplace

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15
Q

What is sewer brick?

A

Low-absorption brick for use in sewers and storm drains

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16
Q

What is adobe brick?

A

Made from natural clay and straw, placed in molds, dried in the sun… Requires protection from rain and subsurface moisture

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17
Q

What is nail-on brick?

A

Flat brick, used on interiors where solid masonry cannot be structurally supportive

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18
Q

The six surfaces of a brick

A

The face is opposite the side, the end is opposite the cull, the beds are on the top and bottom, the largest

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19
Q

If bricks are laid with the end or cull exposed, they are called…

A

Headers

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20
Q

If bricks are laid with the face exposed they are called …

A

Stretchers

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21
Q

What’s the difference between a soldier course and a sailor course?

A

The soldier course has the faces standing up straight, the sailor course has the beds standing up straight

22
Q

What’s the difference between a header course and a rowlock course?

A

The role a course exposes the end of our culls, like the header, but standing tall

23
Q

Temperature range for laying bricks

A

40°F to 90°F for best results

24
Q

In general, three bricks +3 joints equals how many inches in height?

A

8”

25
Q

What is reinforced brickmasonry?

A

Two wythes of brick separated by a 2 to 4 inch space in which reinforcing bars are placed and later grouted

26
Q

All the ways to bond a brick (tying wythes together into a structural unit)

A

Common bond: a header course every sixth course

English bond: alternating header and stretcher courses

Flemish bond: alternating headers and structures in each course

Running bond, stacked bond: these to require reinforcing mesh in every sixth course

27
Q

Veneering

A

Exposed masonry that is attached, but not structurally bonded, to the backing… Held in place by metal wires, clips, or anchors

28
Q

Efflorescence

A

White powdery deposit on the masonry surface caused by soluble salts in the units or the mortar

29
Q

How often do you need an expansion joint in a masonry building?

A
  1. every 200 feet in length

2. When there are two or more wings in a building

30
Q

Dimensions of a nominal 8 x 8 x 16 concrete block

A

7 5/8” x 7 5/8” x 15 5/8”

31
Q

Two grades of concrete block for weathering

A

N: for more severe exposures
S: for block requiring protection from the weather

32
Q

What is structural clay tile?

A

Hollow, burned clay masonry units with parallel cells

33
Q

What are gypsum blocks used for?

A

Interior non load bearing partitions, and lightweight fireproofing protection

34
Q

What do you have to watch out for with glass block?

A

The bond between the glass and the mortar

35
Q

What is the main igneous rock used in construction?

A

Granite

36
Q

Name three metamorphic rocks

A

Marble, soapstone, slate

37
Q

Name 4 sedimentary rocks

A

Limestone, Sandstone, bluestone, brownstone

38
Q

What is a rough stone?

A

Natural stone used decoratively

39
Q

What is rubble stone?

A

Irregular stone with at least one good face used for ashlar veneers, copings, sills, curbs

40
Q

What is dimension stone?

A

Cut stone, used for surface veneers, toilet partitions, flooring, stair treads etc.

41
Q

What is flagstone?

A

Thin slabs used for paving, treads, countertops, etc.

42
Q

What is monumental stone?

A

Used for sculpture, monuments, gravestones, etc.

43
Q

What is crushed stone?

A

Use does aggregate for concrete, asphaltic concrete, terrazzo, built up roof surfacing etc. as well as granular fill

44
Q

What is stone dust?

A

Used as a filler in asphalt flooring, shingles, paints, etc.

45
Q

What is the difference between coarsed and uncoarsed stone?

A

Coarsed stone has regular horizontal joints

46
Q

What is the difference between rubble masonry and ashlar masonry?

A

Rubble has stones in their natural rough state, and Ashlar masonry is shaped into rectangular box

47
Q

Lifetime of mixed mortar

A

Must be used in three hours

48
Q

Mortar classes for masonry exposed to the weather and or load bearing

A

Type M or type S

49
Q

Mortar classes where a lesser compressive strength is required

A

Type N or type O

50
Q

The four masonry joints which shed water

A

Flush, V, round rodded, weathered

BDCS (18 decks)

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