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BDCS > MOISTURE + THERMAL > Flashcards

MOISTURE + THERMAL Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between dampproofing and waterproofing?

A

Dampproofing is protection from water that is not under hydrostatic pressure and waterproofing is protection from moisture and water that is subject to hydrostatic pressure

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2
Q

Name five types of dampproofing

A

Admixtures, bitumous coatings, cementitious coatings, membranes, and plastics

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3
Q

What do admixtures do?

A

Fatty acid, mineral oil, and powdered iron… They may reduce the strength of concrete but they make it much less permeable to water

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4
Q

How does powdered ironwork?

A

Used in admixtures and cemented just coatings, it expands when it oxidizes, making a tighter seal

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5
Q

How do you protect waterproofing?

A

A leak in waterproofing from backfilling is not good… you lay a protective board before backfilling

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6
Q

What do you use to seal construction joints?

A

Waterstops

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7
Q

The perfect insulation would be a

A

Vacuum

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8
Q

Most insulation is designed to…

A

Create air pockets that are small enough to prevent convection but large enough to prevent the direct transfer of heat by conduction between the materials

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9
Q

Definition of a BTU

A

Hey British thermal unit, the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1°F

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10
Q

What does the K value or basic unit of conductance represent?

A

The number of BTUs per hour that pass through one square foot of a material 1 inch thick when a temper differential is 1°F

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11
Q

The long term thermal resistance value (LTTR) is specifically for

A

Foam insulation

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12
Q

What is thermal drift?

A

The long-term changes in the thermal resistance of foam insulation over time… Measured by LTTR

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13
Q

Lues – fill insulation is used for places where…

A

It is difficult to install other types of insulation, like cells of concrete blocks, plumbing chases, and attic… Also in retrofit applications

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14
Q

One of the downsides of loose fill insulation is that it always…

A

Settles

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15
Q

What is rock wool?

A

A fibrous material formed by blowing molten basalts rock under pressure… Slag wool being the most common, from blast furnace flag

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16
Q

Vermiculite may contain…

A

Asbestos

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17
Q

In addition to holding the insulation and place the craft paper on batt insulation does what?

A

Acts as a vapor retarder

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18
Q

Because if it’s superior water resistant qualities, extruded expanded polystyrene is the only insulation recommended for what two kinds of spaces?

A

Protected membrane roof systems and below grade insulation

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19
Q

What are insulated concrete forms?

A

Interlocking foam insulation blocks that serve as formwork for pouring concrete walls and remain in place to insulate the wall and serve as a backing for the chipboard

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20
Q

What is a SIP?

A

Structural insulated panel, to outer skin is bonded to an inner core of residents living material usually expanded polystyrene

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21
Q

What is the dewpoint?

A

The temperature at which water condenses from vapor

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22
Q

3 kinds of roofing tile

A

Slate: expensive, durable, fire resistant

Clay: lots of shapes, durable, fire resistant, also expensive

Concrete: less expensive than clay but also durable and fire resistant

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23
Q

5 kinds of metal roof

A

Copper, galvanized iron, aluminum, terneplate, Monel metal

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24
Q

What do you need between the metal roof and the asphalt roofing felt on terneplate roofs and why?

A

A rosin paper to keep the asphalt from oxidizing the tin

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25
Q

Describe ponding

A

When some build up of water creates deflection, in turn allowing more water to pond

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26
Q

What is a built-up roof?

A

A layer cake of overlapping layers of felt and asphalt or coal tar with a final layer of gravel on top

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27
Q

What is a cricket?

A

A saddle shaped projection around an obstacle to divert drainage

28
Q

What is a pitch pan?

A

Small metal enclosure around a roof mounted projection filled with bitumous material

29
Q

What are modified bitumens?

A

A type of single-ply roof made of chemically enhanced bitumen with a reinforcing fabric

30
Q

What are thermoset plastics?

A

A type of single-ply roof material that softens when hot and regards a when cold

31
Q

What is EPDM?

A

A manufactured thermoset plastic membrane that can be mechanically fastened, used in a membrane roof, taped together, etc

32
Q

What is the difference between PVC and TPO roofs?

A

Both white-colored single-ply roofs, TPO is cheaper

Because they are white they reflect back 78% of heat

33
Q

Where do you use elastic liquid roofing?

A

Over roofs with complex shapes (as well as below-grade waterproofing)

Neoprene is one

34
Q

Some materials you can make flashing out of

A

Galv. Stl, S.S., alum, copper, plastic

35
Q

How often do you need expansion joints in roofs?

A

Every 100-150 ft in masonry

Every 200 ft in concrete

36
Q

Why are expansion joints critical in roofs?

A

Extremes in temperature

37
Q

What are smoke vents?

A

They allow smoke to escape in a fire

38
Q

High-performance feeling allow what percentage of movement? Low performance sealants only allow what percentage of movement?

A

High: 25%
Low: about 5%

39
Q

What is EIFS?

A

Exterior insulation and finish system, a cladding assembly with a wet cementitious finish over a rigid insulation board attached to building sheathing

40
Q

What are the 3 1/2 types of EIFS?

A

(PB): polymer-based, where the EIFS is basically glued to the building sheathing

(PM): polymer modified, which is mechanically adhered to the sheathing

(MB): mineral-based, where the system uses Portland cement stucco as the topcoat

(A high impact PB system includes a heavy duty fiberglass mesh an additional layer of base coat… But in general the PM system is better at taking impact)

41
Q

What is the difference between permeable and pervious?

A

Permeable is capable of being penetrated by water without causing rupture displacement. Pervious permits leaks or flows of water through cracks or other openings.

42
Q

What is the difference between water-resistant, water-repellent, and waterproof?

A

Water-resistant has capillary pores that permit leakage of water. Water-repellent cannot transmit water by capillary action, but it still made transit water under pressure. Waterproof means it is completely impervious to water, under pressure or not.

43
Q

Three damp proofing materials

A

Asphalt base coatings (in two coats), cement plaster (troweled or pneumatically applied), and liquid silicones or plastics

44
Q

What is the most common form of waterproofing? What form does it usually take?

A

Membrane waterproofing, usually several layers of asphalt saturated felt, hot mopped together with tar or asphalt pitch

45
Q

Where do you install water stops?

A

In construction joints below grade

46
Q

A range for tile and slate roof pitch

A

5:12 - 8:12

47
Q

A range for shingles and metal roofs pitch

A

4:12 - 8:12

48
Q

Hey range for a bitumous roof

Pitches

A

0:12 - 3:12

49
Q

What is a square in regards to a roof unit of measure

A

It equals 100 ft.²

50
Q

What is under the gravel coat in a built-up composition roof?

A

The flood coat

51
Q

What does shake mean in regards to wood shingles?

A

Hand split

52
Q

What does 16 – inch 5/2 random shingles mean?

A

The shingles are 16” long, of random width, and 5 of the butt ends stacked on top of each other are 2” tall

53
Q

Metal roofing materials include what 4 metals? And to a lesser extent what additional three?

A

Galvanized iron, copper, aluminum and terneplate… Also lead, zinc, and stainless steel

54
Q

Three kinds of roofing tiles

A

Clay tiles, cement tiles (less expensive), slate tiles (quarried from natural rock)

55
Q

Relative humidity

A

Expressed as a percentage, this is the ratio of humidity to maximum humidity

56
Q

If air at 50% relative humidity is cool…

A

It’s relative humidity increases

57
Q

What can you do to air to give it excellent insulation properties?

A

Enclose it

58
Q

Define an insulator in terms of thermal conductivity

A

A material with a K value of 0.5 BTU per hr per ft.² per °F or less…

59
Q

What are two advantages of placing them insulation above the membrane?

A

You protect the membrane from temperature extremes and the membrane, being on the warm side of the inflation, acts as a vapor barrier

60
Q

Where to put flashing

A

Joints exposed to the weather, intersections of different materials, expansion or contraction joints

61
Q

If it’s not exposed, you can make flashing from the following:

A
  1. Sheet metals
  2. Bitumous-coated fabrics
  3. Plastic
  4. Other waterproof membranes
62
Q

Provide expansion joints and Masonry walls every ___ feet

A

125

63
Q

In roofs, concrete structures, and steel structures, expansion joints should occur at ___-foot intervals

A

200

64
Q

A gravel stop has a higher portion at the perimeter with a minimum of how many inches?

A

Gravel stop have to be at least 4 inches wide

65
Q

How big are expansion joints?

A

1/2 to 1 inch in width

66
Q

Four ways to waterproof expansion joints

A

What are stops, elastic joint sealants, metal flashing, or caulking

BDCS (18 decks)

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