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cnst > Sills, Girders, an Floor framing > Flashcards

Sills, Girders, an Floor framing Flashcards

1
Q

What is a girder?

A

heavy beams that support the inner ends of the floor joists.

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2
Q

What is a sill?

A

Pressure treated member installed on top of foundation. They are also horizontal timbers resting on the foundation supporting the framework of a building.

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3
Q

What is the typical size of a sill?

A

2x6 or 2x8

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4
Q

Sill/ Sill plates provide bearing for what?

A

Floor joists

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5
Q

How are sill plates attached to the foundation?

A

With anchor bolts

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6
Q

What is the most common type of anchor bolt and when is it inserted?

A

“L” bolts or “J” bolts, inserted when the foundation is poured, are the most common type of anchor bolt.

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7
Q

What is the maximum spacing between anchor bolts?

A

6 feet

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8
Q

An anchor bolt must be located between how many inches away from the end of any sill plate?

A

6-12 inches

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9
Q

What is a beam pocket?

A

an indentation in a foundation wall where a girder rests.

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10
Q

The lowest horizontal member in a window or door frame is?

A

A sill

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11
Q

What is sill sealer used for?

A

To take up irregularities between the foundation and the sill.

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12
Q

What are floor joists?

A

Horizontal members of a frame

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13
Q

How are joists generally spaced?

A

12 OC, 16 0C, 19.2 OC, 24 OC

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14
Q

In construction, the end of floor joists are capped with?

A

Band joists/ rim joists/ box header/ joist header

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15
Q

What are tail joists

A

OC Shortened floor joists at the ends of floor openings are called tail joists

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16
Q

Can you cut or notch the flanges of wood I-Joists?

A

No

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17
Q

What are trimmer joists?

A

Trimmer joists are full-length joists that run along the inside of the opening.

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18
Q

What do you have to fasten first when framing an opening in a floor?

A

Trimmer joists

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19
Q

What are headers?

A

Headers are the members of the opening that run at right angles to the floor joists.

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20
Q

What is bridging

A

diagonal braces or solid wood blocks between floor joists used to distribute the load imposed on the floor.

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21
Q

If installed properly, it may help to prevent squeaky floors, but if installed improperly, will cause squeaky floors. What is this?

A

The bridging

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22
Q

What is subflooring?

A

First floor layer applied to joists, usually plywood or OSB 4’ x 8’ sheets.

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23
Q

What is subflooring done out of?

A

Sheet goods, like 4x8 plywood.

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24
Q

What is underlayment?

A

a sheet material installed to level and smooth the floor before the floor finish

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25
Q

What is capillary action?

A

The movement of a liquid into fine cracks and spaces due to molecular attraction.

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26
Q

What is blocking?

A

short pieces of lumber installed in floor, ceiling, or wall construction to provide weather tightness, fire-stopping, or support for parts of the structure

27
Q

What are termites?

A

insects that live in colonies and feed on wood

28
Q

What is a termite shield?

A

Metal flashing plate over the foundation to protect wood members from termites.

29
Q

What does OC stand for and what does it mean?

A

On center, which refers to the distance from the center of one structural member to the center of the next one.

30
Q

What are engineered lumber products?

A

ELP’s are reconstituted wood products and assemblies designed to replace additional structural lumber.

31
Q

What are 4 types of Engineered lumber products (ELP’s)?

A

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL)
Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL)
Glulam

32
Q

What is Laminated Veneer Lumber used for? (ELP’s)

A

LVL is intended for use as high-strength, load-carrying beams to support the weight of construction over window and door openings and in floor and roof systems.

33
Q

What is Parallel Strand Lumber used for? (ELP’s)

A

PSL can be used wherever there is a need for a large beam or post. PSL is consistent in strength throughout its length.

34
Q

What is Laminated Strand Lumber used for? (ELP’s)

A

It is most often used as a rim joist attached to engineered floor joists. It is not designed to be a structural framing member that will carry heavy loads over long spans.

35
Q

What are Wood I-Joists?

A

Wood I-Joists are engineered wood assemblies that utilize an efficient “I” shape, which gives them tremendous strength in relation to their size and weight.

36
Q

What are Wood I-Joists used for?

A

Wood I-Joists are intended for use in residential and commercial construction as floor joists and roof rafters

37
Q

What is Glulam made of and what is it used for ?

A

it is constructed of solid lumber glued together, side against side, to make beams and joists of large dimensions that are stronger than natural wood of the same size. It is manufactured for its strength and appearance.

38
Q

Girder beams have internal stress. True or false?

A

True

39
Q

When making girders, construction workers tend to stack higher grade wood at the bottom to prevent what?

A

To prevent tension or the cause of a “belly”

40
Q

What is the center line?

A

Centerline is a distance from some point to the center of an opening or object

41
Q

What is an end joist?

A

First and last joist of a building

42
Q

What is an On Center joist?

A

Is a joist that comprises the bulk of the floor system

43
Q

What helps to support perimeter walls and keeps joists from tipping over

A

Box header

44
Q

No notches in the middle third of a joist. True or false?

A

True

45
Q

You can make notches in engineered lumber. True or false?

A

False, No notches in engineered lumber

46
Q

Cuts, notches and holes bored in trusses, structural composite lumber, structural glue-laminated members, cross-laminated members or I-joists are prohibited except for which two occasions?

A

Where permitted by the manufacturer’s recommendations OR where the effects of such alterations are specifically considered in the design of the member by a registered design professional

47
Q

What 4 possible changes in a joist can affect floor strength? Give a brief description of each

A 
Joist spacing (distance apart)
Joist span (length of joist between bearing points)
Joist material strength and stiffness (grade/type)
Intended load (what will they support?)
48
Q

Intended load - rated in terms of?

A

PSF, Pounds per square foot

49
Q

Joist Span is distance between what?

A

Bearing points

50
Q

What is the Maximum joist overhang past a girder?
What is the Minimum joist bearing?
What is the Minimum splice over a girder?

A

Maximum joist overhang past a girder = 12”
Minimum joist bearing = 1 ½”
Minimum splice over a girder = 3”

51
Q

subfloor Installation

A 
Sheets are laid with the long edge perpendicular to joists
Best face of the sheet is up (If a choice)
Butt seams (ends) are generally staggered 32” to 4’ apart
52
Q

Should untreated wood should touch concrete?

A

No. Untreated wood should not touch concrete.

53
Q

What is Beam Bearing?

A

Area where beam rests on the support.

54
Q

What is the minimum length of beam bearing on support material for wood/metal support and Masonry support?

A

1 ½” on wood or metal support

3 ½” on masonry support

55
Q 
What are the actual dimensions for the nominal dimensions below?
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
A 
2x4 - 1 1/2 x 3 1/2
2x6 - 1 1/2 x 5 1/2
2x8 - 1 1/2 x 7 1/4
2x10 - 1 1/2 x 9 1/4
2x12 - 1 1/2 x 11 1/4
56
Q 
What are the actual dimensions for the nominal dimensions below?
1x4
1x6
1x8
1x10
1x12
A 
1x4 - 3/4 x 3 1/2
1x6 - 3/4 x 5 1/2
1x8 - 3/4 x 7 1/4 
1x10 - 3/4 x 9 1/4
1x12 - 3/4 x 11 1/4
57
Q

Where are the ends of Girders Located?

A

The ends of the girder are usually supported by a POCKET formed in the foundation wall.

58
Q

What can girders be made out of?

A

May be steel, built-up wood or engineered lumber.

59
Q

What is a shim?

A

A thin, wedge-shaped piece of material used behind pieces for the purpose of straightening them, or for bringing their surfaces flush at a joint

60
Q

What is deflection?

A

The sag in floor joists is referred to as deflection

61
Q

What is meant by the stiffness of the floor?

A

Joists must be not only strong enough to support the load, but also stiff enough so not to sag or vibrate.

62
Q

What is dead load?

A

This is the weight of all materials fastened to the joists to create building.

63
Q

What is live load?

A

Live load includes all possible increases to the load caused by people, furniture, and appliances. Could be weather too.

64
Q

What is pressure treated lumber?

A

Pressure-treated lumber is wood that has been immersed in a liquid preservative and placed in a pressure chamber. The chamber forces the chemical into the wood fibers. The pressurized approach makes sure that the chemical makes it to the core of each piece of wood – it is much more effective than simply soaking the wood in the chemical

cnst (16 decks)

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