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Cnst > Concrete and foundations > Flashcards

Concrete and foundations Flashcards

1
Q 
Strength of poured concrete will depend on which of the following? (check all that apply)
Select one or more:
a. how fast it cures
b. water to cement ratio
c. reinforcement within the concrete
d. types of admixtures used
A

a. how fast it cures
b. water to cement ratio
c. reinforcement within the concrete
d. types of admixtures used

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2
Q 
What is needed, when used with batter boards, to re-establish the building line in the bottom of an excavated area?
Select one:
a. string, plumb bob & hub stakes 
b. level, square & string
c. 2 x 4, pry bar & nails
d. transit, hammer & calculator
A

a. string, plumb bob & hub stakes

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3
Q 
Concrete is a mixture of all but which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Aggregates
b. Wire mesh 
c. Water
d. Portland
A

b. Wire mesh

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4
Q 
When constructing a wall the term "Plumb" means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Select one:
a. It means lead, as in lead pipes
b. Perfectly horizontal
c. Perfectly vertical 
d. It is short for plumbing
A

c. Perfectly vertical

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5
Q 
Which of the following components will strengthen a poured concrete wall?
Select one:
a. Footing form
b. Tie wire
c. Anchor bolt 
d. Reinforcement Bar
A

d. Reinforcement Bar

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6
Q

It is possible to build a foundation out of wood
Select one:
a. False
b. False except for southern dry climates
c. True except for rainy areas such as Seattle
d. True

A

d. True

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7
Q 
A rectangular masonry column that may help to reinforce a concrete wall is called a
Select one:
a. Post
b. Pilaster
c. Grade beam 
d. Pediment
A

b. Pilaster

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8
Q 
A foundation that integrates the footing & slab floor in the same pour (pouring concrete) is \_\_\_\_\_
Select one:
a. Monolithic slab 
b. Full foundation
c. Independent slab on grade
d. Frost wall foundation
A

a. Monolithic slab

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9
Q 
A common calculation used to "square" a foundation uses what method?   
Select one:
a. Pythagorean Theorem 
b. L1 + L2 divided by the hypotenuse
c. Measure twice, cut once
d. L X W
A

a. Pythagorean Theorem

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10
Q

The term “Setback” means
Select one:
a. The minimum distance a house can be from the property line
b. The distance between two adjacent houses
c. A construction term for getting behind schedule in a job
d. A vertical distance where the builder cannot go beyond

A

a. The minimum distance a house can be from the property line

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11
Q 
Concrete reaches 95% of its strength in approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Select one:
a. One day
b. About a month 
c. One week
d. One hour
A

b. About a month

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12
Q 
The common abbreviation for concrete block is
Select one:
a. CMU 
b. CBU
c. CB
d. Block
A

a. CMU

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13
Q

Which of the following best/closest describes “Building Line”
Select one:
a. The setback line that you cannot build beyond
b. The boundary line of the property
c. An imaginary line marking the height of the building
d. The outside of the framing on a house

A

d. The outside of the framing on a house

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14
Q 
Batter boards are used to
Select one:
a. Help with layout 
b. Connect joists together
c. Brace girders
d. Secure footings
A

a. Help with layout

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15
Q

What is:

  1. The property line
  2. Building line
  3. Setback
  4. Level vs. Plumb
  5. Plot plan/ Site plan
A
  1. Property line- The boundary line between two pieces of property.
  2. Building line- The outer edge of the structure’s perimeter
  3. Setback- the minimum distance which a building or other structure must be separated from a road, street, etc. (distance of the building from other property lines)
  4. Level vs. plumb- Level is perfectly horizontal whereas plumb is perfectly vertical
  5. Plot/site plan - is an accurate drawing or map of a property that shows the size and config. of a property and the size and precise location of most man-made features
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16
Q

What are batter boards?

A

Temporary frames, set beyond the corners of a planned foundation at precise elevations. These batter boards are then used to hold layout lines to indicate the limits (edges and corners) of the foundation.

17
Q

What are ledger boards?

What does square means?

A

ledger board- a structural member that is mounted to a vertical frame.
square- all 4 angles are 90 degrees. It also means the diagonals are equal.

18
Q

What does saw kerf do?

What does a plumb bob provide?

A

A saw kerf helps to keep the line in place on a board. It is a small cut that allows the line to sit inside of it.
a plumb bob provides a vertical transfer of stake position from the string intersection

19
Q

What are these terms?
Admixture
anchor bolt

A

Admixture- a substance which can be added to concrete to achieve or modify its properties. They are added to concrete in addition to cement, water and aggregate, typically immediately before or during the mixing process.
Anchor bolt- are embedded in wet concrete. they are used to secure a wooden sill plate to concrete or masonry floor or wall.

20
Q

The intentionally made air bubbles are very small. Billions of them are contained in a cubic yard of concrete. Air into concrete helps to increase resistance to freezing and thawing. Has other benefits like less water and sand are required, the workability is improved, separation of the water from the paste is reduced, and the concrete can be finished sooner and is more water tight. What type of concrete is this?

A

Air entrained concrete. It is recommended for almost all concrete projects

21
Q

What are these three styles of foundations?
Full (basement) Foundation
Crawl space foundation
Slab on grade foundation

A

Full (basement) foundation- provide structure for basements which are building spaces below grade. Usually done in northern climates deep excavation is necessary to get beneath the frost line.
Crawl space foundation- has a small space between floor and foundation
Slab on grade foundation- Places the house on concrete floor with no basement

22
Q

Where is the footing located and how thick is it?

What is the purpose of the footing?

A

The footing located beneath the frost line, it is generally twice the foundation thickness.
The purpose of the footing it to distribute load from the structure into the soil.

23
Q

What is a foundation wall?

A

A solid wall attached to the footing and rising to ground level at the point where the ground is height under the building

24
Q

A monolithic slab combines the footing and floor in one unit and can be poured at the same time. True or false?

A

True

25
Q

In Slab on Grade, some slabs are ____ in the middle to support a load bearing wall.

A

Haunched

26
Q

What are these terms:
Grade beam
Reinforcement Bar
Pilaster

A

Grade beams- is a reinforced concrete beam supporting a bearing wall at or near ground level. They transfer loads to isolated footings, piers, or piles.

Reinforcement bar (Rebar)- buried inro concrete footings, walls, and sometimes floors. Rebar helps the tensile strength of concrete. In other words, it will help to hold together concrete if forces are trying to pull the concrete apart.

Pilaster- A rectangular column that is attached to a wall and that is used for decoration or support

27
Q

In this type of foundation, There may be crawl space beneath the floor of the house. It is less expensive than a full foundation. Footing beneath the wall is below frost depth. What type of foundation is this?

A

Frost Wall foundation

28
Q

What do spread footings do?

A

Supports the base for foundations by distributing the load over a larger are.

29
Q

Foundation Alternatives.
This Type of foundation bears directly on crushed washed stone. Framed similar to other wood framing, slab acts to hold the bottom of the wall in place. Framing/ sheathing must be pressure treated. A waterproof membrane is wrapped around the exterior. What type of foundation alternative is this?

A

All Weather wood

30
Q

This type of foundation alternative has concrete wall sections constructed offsite, transported, then lifted by a crane. Sections set upon a gravel footing, then bolted together and sealed. What type is this?

A

Precast concrete

31
Q

How are independent slabs placed?

A

They are placed after the footing, foundation, or grade beam. Acts as separate units.

32
Q

This type of foundation looks like giant lego toys. Polystyrene (EPS) Panels supported by plastic ribs. Rebar and concrete placed inside via a pump. Excellent energy efficiency. Exterior is generally coated before backfilling for durability. What type of foundation is this?

A

ICF Insulated Concrete forms

33
Q

Concrete is a mixture of what three things? It may also contain what?

A

Aggregates, portland cement, and water. It may also contain admixtures.

34
Q

What is portland cement?
What does aggregate provide?
Water must be potable if being used in cement. True or false?

A

Portland cement- is a fine powder that comes from processing limestone. When hydrated, it produces a strong, hard material that acts like glue.

Aggregate- Provides strength but no cementing value

It is True. Water must be potable if being used in cement.

35
Q

What is curing?
If concrete is cured for one week, what percentage strength does it have?
If concrete is cured for one month, what percentage strength does it have ?

A

Curing is allowing concrete to hydrate under optimum conditions for best strength results.
60%
95%

36
Q

Optimum conditions for best strength results for concrete are to keep the surfaces moist, cover concrete to keep it from drying up too quickly, and to use admixtures and coatings. True or false?

A

True

37
Q

Water moves through masonry via capillary action. It is necessary to stop this on floors, footings, and foundation walls. This done by what?

A

Damp proofing

38
Q

Concrete has a strong ______ ______. This means that it resists pushing forces and being crushed. It has; however, a low ______ ______. It is not resistant to bending or pulling apart

A

Concrete has a strong compressive strength. This means that it resists pushing forces and being crushed. It has; however, a low tensile strength. It is not resistant to bending or pulling apart

39
Q

What are these three terms:
Wire Mesh
Slump Test
Spud vibrator

A

Wire mesh- welded wire mesh is used to reinforce concrete floors slabs resting on the ground, driveways, and walks.

Slump test- are made by supervisors on the job to determine the consistency of the concrete as it is placed, before it sets.

spud vibrator- this tube vibrates at a rapid rate. It is commonly used to vibrate and consolidate concrete.

Cnst (16 decks)

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