Energy Flashcards
Efficient and wise use building materials:
- R_____ and r_____ waste materials
- Products from renewable, recycled, and reused or salvaged materials
- Made with an _______ manufacturing process
- Low manufacturing distance from ________
Efficient and wise use building materials
- Reduce and recycle waste materials
- Products from renewable, recycled, and reused or salvaged - materials
- Made with an efficient manufacturing process
- Low manufacturing distance from building site
What are the three forms of heat transfer? say something about them
- Conduction - Heat transfer by contact.
Thought to move from warm to cool, towards an equilibrium. - Convection- Heat transfer via fluid movement.
Gravity causes cooler, denser fluid to sink and warmer, less dense fluid to float. - Radiation
Heat transfer via electromagnetic waves.
Energy particles moving through space. Or through a room.
What are three ways that a house loses heat?
- Heat transmitted to the exterior through floors, walls, ceilings, windows, doors & penetrations
- Indoor air leaking through cracks in the home’s envelope
- Through air that is deliberately exhausted by bath fans, range hoods, dryers
- When warm water goes down the drain
- When combustion gases from a furnace, boiler, water heater exit via a flue
What is the purpose of insulation?
Works by:
Separating cool and warm surfaces (_______)
Stopping/slowing fluid movement (_________)
Reflecting/absorbing radiation (_______)
(Refers to the three forms of heat transfer
Insulation – Purpose is to slow the transfer of heat
Works by:
Separating cool and warm surfaces (conduction)
Stopping/slowing fluid movement (convection)
Reflecting/absorbing radiation (radiation)
The Number used to rate insulation according to its effectiveness.
What type of value is this called?
R-value
Number used to rate insulation according to its effectiveness.
Stated as R/inch or R/product
R= Resistance to heat flow
Air is an excellent insulator, but the air must not be ___________!
Insulation materials, such as ____glass, are designed to _____ air into small ______.
The more the air pockets and the smaller the size, the ______________
Air is an excellent insulator, but the air must not be able to move!
Insulation materials, such as fiberglass, are designed to trap air into small pockets
The more the air pockets and the smaller the size, the better the insulation
Heat is measured with in ________ .
Higher R numbers are __________
Lower U numbers are __________
Heat is measured with a BTU – British Thermal Units (about the energy in a large kitchen match)
Higher R numbers are better insulators
Lower U numbers are better insulators
THERMAL ENVELOPE
Boundary between conditioned and unconditioned spaces, must be _______ to be effective
Thermal envelope
Boundary between conditioned and unconditioned spaces.
Must be continuous to be effective
Building Thermal envelope consists of what 6 things?
Fenestration ceilings floors walls slabs crawlspaces
Measure of the difference between the average daily outdoor temperature and a specified indoor design temperature, 65 F. What does the above refer to?
A measure of coldness is related to what kind of day?
A measure of how warm it is refers to what kind of day?
degree day
Heating degree day
Cooling degree day
Quantifying Heating Load
The process is continued for every day where average _________________ is below 65F.
Sums of these numbers are often into the _______
Note 75 F is used for design temperature when calculating __________.
Monthly degree-day
- Sum of the degree-days for __________.
Seasonal degree days
- Sum of degree-day for ________
The process is continued for every day where average outdoor temperature is below 65F.
Sums of these numbers are often into the thousands
Note 75 F is used for design temperature when calculating cooling load.
Monthly degree-day
Sum of the degree-days for a month.
Seasonal degree days
Sum of degree-day for a year
BTU = ________________
- Heat needed to raise one pound of water ________
- About the heat in a large kitchen match.
Conductivity
- Measure of a material’s ability to ___________. In terms of Btu’s per hour per SF per 1° F difference.
U factor
- Conductivity through ______________, (i.e. a window)
- A thermo-pane window has two layers of ______ and an ____/___ layer as well as some coatings
R value
- _______ of U factor = a measure of thermal ________
What is the R valve of a material with a U factor of 0.25?
BTU = British thermal unit
Heat needed to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
About the heat in a large kitchen match.
Conductivity
Measure of a material’s ability to conduct heat. In terms of Btu’s per hour per SF per 1° F difference.
U factor
Conductivity through multiple layers of materials, (i.e. a window)
A thermo-pane window has two layers of glass and an air/gas layer as well as some coatings
R value
reciprocal of U factor = a measure of thermal resistance
What is the R valve of a material with a U factor of 0.25? 4
Energy code prescribes U-Factor and R-values for seven sections of a building which are?
Energy code prescribes U-Factor and R-values for seven sections of a building.
Glass (skylight & windows are different)
Ceiling
Exterior wall
Floor
Basements
Slabs
Crawl spaces
Not all structures will have all of these areas.
Ceiling SDD < 6500 R – \_\_\_ 12” fiberglass 11” cellulose SDD > 6500 R – \_\_\_\_ 15” fiberglass 14” cellulose
Note if insulation is ___________ at the ceiling/wall intersection R-49 requirement may drop to R-38.
Ceiling SDD < 6500 R – 38 12” fiberglass 11” cellulose SDD > 6500 R – 49 15” fiberglass 14” cellulose Note if insulation is full thickness at the ceiling/wall intersection R-49 requirement may drop to R-38.
Exterior wall
SDD > 6500 R - ___
2x4 studs
2” XPS
3 ½” HD fiberglass (R-13)
R-____
2x6 studs
½” plywood
6” fiberglass (R-19)
R-____
2x6 studs
1” urethane
6” fiberglass (R-19)
R-_____
SDD > 6500 R - 21
2x4 studs
2” XPS
3 ½” HD fiberglass (R-13)
R- 23
2x6 studs
½” plywood
6” fiberglass (R-19)
R- 19.6
2x6 studs
1” urethane
6” fiberglass (R-19)
R- 24.6
Basement
If the basement space is to be conditioned space, it needs to have adequate levels of insulation either inside or outside of the _________.
If it is unconditioned, then the ______ has to have adequate levels of insulation.
Basement
If the basement space is to be conditioned space, it needs to have adequate levels of insulation either inside or outside of the foundation wall.
If it is unconditioned, then the floor has to have adequate levels of insulation.
Slabs
concrete acts as a very good thermal bridge (which is _____).
concrete acts as a very good thermal bridge (which is bad).
Crawl Spaces
Have different requirements depending on whether they are _________, or __________.
Crawl spaces
Have different requirements depending on whether they are conditioned, or unconditioned.
Ceiling detail:
Insulation should be full thickness over _________.
Sometimes, the insulation is “_______” at the rafter/wall intersection
Ceiling detail:
Insulation should be full thickness over exterior walls
Sometimes, the insulation is “pinched” at the rafter/wall intersection
General types of insulation:
__________
- blanket or batt made with fiberglass or rock wool. Possibly some other recycled products (denim)
_______
-Bulk fiberglass or cellulose blown into place.
_______
-Polystyrene or urethane (Polyisocyanurate) boards
__________
-Foil faced surfaces on various materials
_________
-Low or high density urethane sprayed into cavity.
General types of Insulation:
Flexible
blanket or batt made with fiberglass or rock wool. Possibly some other recycled products (denim)
Loose-fill
Bulk fiberglass or cellulose blown into place.
Rigid
Polystyrene or urethane (Polyisocyanurate) boards
Reflective
Foil faced surfaces on various materials
Foamed-in-place
Low or high density urethane sprayed into cavity.
Specific types of insulation:
_______________ (EPS), R-4/in, white bead board
______________ (XPS) R-5/in, best for ground contact or damp conditions. Often used on exterior of ____________.
______________ (PIC) R-5.6/in. rigid,
Foamed-in place (spray foam) Low-density = ____ cell R-3.7/in, high density = _____ cell R-6.5/inch
_________ R-3.17/in, high density R3.5/in. (_____)
Cellulose mostly ________ materials. 3.7/in.
Specific types of insulation:
Expanded polystyrene (EPS), R-4/in, white bead board
Extruded polystyrene (XPS) R-5/in, best for ground contact or damp conditions. Often used on exterior of foundation walls.
Polyisocyanurate (PIC) R-5.6/in. rigid,
Foamed-in place (spray foam) Low-density = open cell R-3.7/in, high density = closed cell R-6.5/inch
Fiberglass R-3.17/in, high density R3.5/in. (cheapest)
Cellulose mostly recycled materials. 3.7/in.
Challenges in design
Considerations
- location of ______ material in the structure
- New or remodeling situation
- Structural materials; wood, steel or concrete
- __________ Conditions (hot & humid or cold & dry)
- Availability of ________________
- _________ or _______ situation
__________ can help to keep moisture from entering the wall/ceiling cavities
Challenges in design
Considerations
Considerations
location of insulating material in the structure
New or remodeling situation
Structural materials; wood, steel or concrete
Climatic Conditions (hot & humid or cold & dry)
Availability of desired materials
Thermal or acoustical situation
Vapor retarders can help to keep moisture from entering the wall/ceiling cavities
Moisture in buildings
__________ – water that has dropped out of the vapor state into liquid state. This occurs at the Dew point
_________ – when condensation occurs due to a drop in temperature.
_____________ – Amount of moisture held within the air.
Moisture in buildings
Condensation – water that has dropped out of the vapor state into liquid state. This occurs at the Dew point
Dew point – when condensation occurs due to a drop in temperature.
Relative humidity – Amount of moisture held within the air.
Air leakage
Occurs where ever there is a _____ or _____ in the ________ system.
Leaks can occur ______ in the structure.
Air leakage
Occurs where ever there is a seam or crack in the building system.
Leaks can occur everywhere in the structure.
Venting issues
Bath vent blowing moisture directly into an attic space. Moist air causes ____.
Venting issues
Bath vent blowing moisture directly into an attic space. Moist air causes mold.
Drying potential
A system where structural members are allowed to _________.
Ice damming can be eliminated with _____________________
Proper attic ventilation allows leaked moisture from living space to ____________ the structure.
Drying potential
A system where structural members are allowed to dry naturally.
Ice damming can be eliminated with proper construction techniques.
Proper attic ventilation allows leaked moisture from living space to fully escape the structure.
______ – Air in only
____ – Air out only
_____ - Balanced
Rate Bad, Better, Best
Bad – Air out only
Better – Air in only
Best - Balanced
Mechanical house ventilation
Air is drawn in through _________ in winter or _______ in summer
Mechanical house ventilation
Air is drawn in through small ports in winter or windows in summer
Mechanical ventilation \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_(HRV) - In summer it \_\_\_\_ - In Winter it \_\_\_\_\_ - Air passes through a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to increase efficiency 50-80% efficient depending on model type
Heat-Recovery Ventilator (HRV) In summer it cools Winter, warms Air passes through a heat exchanger to increase efficiency 50-80% efficient depending on model type
Types of insulation: 1. Flexible \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ aka Batts & Rolls made with fiberglass (R-3.2/in) or rockwool (R-3.3/in). Batt – refers to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Rolls – \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
_________ – no covering on either side.
______ – can have a Kraft paper facing, foil facing…
Facings can act as vapor control
Batt or Roll insulation in attic spaces is often applied in ____________, first layer between the ______ members (cavity), then a second layer _________ to the first layer. This assumes a floor will ________ on top of the insulation.
Flexible
Blankets aka Batts & Rolls made with fiberglass (R-3.2/in) or rockwool (R-3.3/in).
Batt – refers to pre-cut lengths
Rolls – uncut the entire length
Unfaced – no covering on either side.
Faced – can have a Kraft paper facing, foil facing…
Facings can act as vapor control
Batt or Roll insulation in attic spaces is often applied in two directions, first layer between the framing members (cavity), then a second layer perpendicular to the first layer. This assumes a floor will not be placed on top of the insulation.
2.Loose-fill/ blown-in
Bulk _________ (R-3.2/in) or _______ (R-3.7/in) blown into place.
Advantages include forming a _________ or blanket.
Loose-fill
Bulk fiberglass (R-3.2/in) or cellulose (R-3.7/in) blown into place.
Advantages include forming a complete layer or blanket.
Cellulose insulation is most often made from _____________ products such as newspaper.
Blown-in Cellulose or Fiberglass is often the choice when insulating the ______ of an __________.
Blown-in insulation in a closed cavity is always ____, this is not a ________ application.
Cellulose insulation is most often made from recycled paper products such as newspaper.
Blown-in Cellulose or Fiberglass is often the choice when insulating the cavities of an old house.
Blown-in insulation in a closed cavity is always dry, this is not a wet-spray application.
Wet spray sticks to ________ surfaces.
______________ when completed.
Most common wet spray is ________.
Wet spray sticks to vertical surfaces.
Trimmed flush when completed.
Most common wet spray is Cellulose.
Loose-fill (dry blown-in). May be installed behind _______.
Loose-fill (dry blown-in). May be installed behind netting.
- Foamed-in-place Urethane
Low density (R-3.6/in) or high density (R-6.5/in - 7) sprayed on ______ and in _______.
Low density – ______
High density – _____ cell
Both require specialize equipment to __________.
Both contribute to______________ of building.
High density (closed cell) spray foam generally does not ____________. It does not ____ as much as open cell and it costs ______ than open cell.
- Foamed-in-place Urethane
Low density (R-3.6/in) or high density (R-6.5/in - 7) sprayed on surfaces and in cavities.
Low density – open cell
High density – closed cell
Both require specialize equipment to install.
Both contribute to overall stiffness of building.
Low density (R-3.6/in) is installed to _______________. Then the extra is ____________ with the stud/joist/rafter cavity
Low density (R-3.6/in) is installed to completely fill the cavity. Then the extra is trimmed flush with the stud/joist/rafter cavity
High density (R-6.5/in -7) typically sprayed in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (2 - 4”). Often used in combination with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
High density (R-6.5/in -7) typically sprayed in thinner layers (2 - 4”). Often used in combination with batt insulation
