Energy

Question 1

Efficient and wise use building materials:

• R_____ and r_____ waste materials
• Products from renewable, recycled, and reused or salvaged materials
• Made with an _______ manufacturing process
• Low manufacturing distance from ________

Answer 1

Efficient and wise use building materials

• Reduce and recycle waste materials
• Products from renewable, recycled, and reused or salvaged - materials
• Made with an efficient manufacturing process
• Low manufacturing distance from building site

Question 2

What are the three forms of heat transfer? say something about them

Answer 2

1. Conduction - Heat transfer by contact.
   Thought to move from warm to cool, towards an equilibrium.
2. Convection- Heat transfer via fluid movement.
   Gravity causes cooler, denser fluid to sink and warmer, less dense fluid to float.
3. Radiation
   Heat transfer via electromagnetic waves.
   Energy particles moving through space. Or through a room.

Question 3

What are three ways that a house loses heat?

Answer 3

1. Heat transmitted to the exterior through floors, walls, ceilings, windows, doors & penetrations
2. Indoor air leaking through cracks in the home’s envelope
3. Through air that is deliberately exhausted by bath fans, range hoods, dryers
4. When warm water goes down the drain
5. When combustion gases from a furnace, boiler, water heater exit via a flue

Question 4

What is the purpose of insulation?
Works by:
Separating cool and warm surfaces (_______)
Stopping/slowing fluid movement (_________)
Reflecting/absorbing radiation (_______)
(Refers to the three forms of heat transfer

Answer 4

Insulation – Purpose is to slow the transfer of heat
Works by:
Separating cool and warm surfaces (conduction)
Stopping/slowing fluid movement (convection)
Reflecting/absorbing radiation (radiation)

Question 5

The Number used to rate insulation according to its effectiveness.
What type of value is this called?

Answer 5

R-value
Number used to rate insulation according to its effectiveness.
Stated as R/inch or R/product
R= Resistance to heat flow

Question 6

Air is an excellent insulator, but the air must not be ___________!
Insulation materials, such as ____glass, are designed to _____ air into small ______.
The more the air pockets and the smaller the size, the ______________

Answer 6

Air is an excellent insulator, but the air must not be able to move!
Insulation materials, such as fiberglass, are designed to trap air into small pockets
The more the air pockets and the smaller the size, the better the insulation

Question 7

Heat is measured with in ________ .
Higher R numbers are __________
Lower U numbers are __________

Answer 7

Heat is measured with a BTU – British Thermal Units (about the energy in a large kitchen match)

Higher R numbers are better insulators
Lower U numbers are better insulators

Question 8

THERMAL ENVELOPE

Boundary between conditioned and unconditioned spaces, must be _______ to be effective

Answer 8

Thermal envelope
Boundary between conditioned and unconditioned spaces.
Must be continuous to be effective

Question 9

Building Thermal envelope consists of what 6 things?

Answer 9

Fenestration
ceilings
floors
walls
slabs
crawlspaces

Question 10

Measure of the difference between the average daily outdoor temperature and a specified indoor design temperature, 65 F. What does the above refer to?

A measure of coldness is related to what kind of day?

A measure of how warm it is refers to what kind of day?

Answer 10

degree day
Heating degree day
Cooling degree day

Question 11

Quantifying Heating Load

The process is continued for every day where average _________________ is below 65F.
Sums of these numbers are often into the _______
Note 75 F is used for design temperature when calculating __________.
Monthly degree-day
- Sum of the degree-days for __________.
Seasonal degree days
- Sum of degree-day for ________

Answer 11

The process is continued for every day where average outdoor temperature is below 65F.
Sums of these numbers are often into the thousands
Note 75 F is used for design temperature when calculating cooling load.
Monthly degree-day
Sum of the degree-days for a month.
Seasonal degree days
Sum of degree-day for a year

Question 12

BTU = ________________
- Heat needed to raise one pound of water ________
- About the heat in a large kitchen match.
Conductivity
- Measure of a material’s ability to ___________. In terms of Btu’s per hour per SF per 1° F difference.
U factor
- Conductivity through ______________, (i.e. a window)
- A thermo-pane window has two layers of ______ and an ____/___ layer as well as some coatings
R value
- _______ of U factor = a measure of thermal ________
What is the R valve of a material with a U factor of 0.25?

Answer 12

BTU = British thermal unit
Heat needed to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
About the heat in a large kitchen match.
Conductivity
Measure of a material’s ability to conduct heat. In terms of Btu’s per hour per SF per 1° F difference.
U factor
Conductivity through multiple layers of materials, (i.e. a window)
A thermo-pane window has two layers of glass and an air/gas layer as well as some coatings
R value
reciprocal of U factor = a measure of thermal resistance
What is the R valve of a material with a U factor of 0.25? 4

Question 13

Energy code prescribes U-Factor and R-values for seven sections of a building which are?

Answer 13

Energy code prescribes U-Factor and R-values for seven sections of a building.
Glass (skylight & windows are different)
Ceiling
Exterior wall
Floor
Basements
Slabs
Crawl spaces
Not all structures will have all of these areas.

Question 14

Ceiling
SDD < 6500    	R – \_\_\_ 	12” fiberglass
						11” cellulose
SDD > 6500	R – \_\_\_\_ 	15” fiberglass
						14” cellulose

Note if insulation is ___________ at the ceiling/wall intersection R-49 requirement may drop to R-38.

Answer 14

Ceiling
SDD < 6500    	R – 38 	12” fiberglass
						11” cellulose
SDD > 6500	R – 49 	15” fiberglass
						14” cellulose
Note if insulation is full thickness at the ceiling/wall intersection R-49 requirement may drop to R-38.

Question 15

Exterior wall
SDD > 6500 R - ___

2x4 studs
2” XPS
3 ½” HD fiberglass (R-13)
R-____

2x6 studs
½” plywood
6” fiberglass (R-19)
R-____

2x6 studs
1” urethane
6” fiberglass (R-19)
R-_____

Answer 15

SDD > 6500 R - 21

2x4 studs
2” XPS
3 ½” HD fiberglass (R-13)
R- 23

2x6 studs
½” plywood
6” fiberglass (R-19)
R- 19.6

2x6 studs
1” urethane
6” fiberglass (R-19)
R- 24.6

Question 16

Basement
If the basement space is to be conditioned space, it needs to have adequate levels of insulation either inside or outside of the _________.
If it is unconditioned, then the ______ has to have adequate levels of insulation.

Answer 16

Basement
If the basement space is to be conditioned space, it needs to have adequate levels of insulation either inside or outside of the foundation wall.
If it is unconditioned, then the floor has to have adequate levels of insulation.

Question 17

Slabs

concrete acts as a very good thermal bridge (which is _____).

Answer 17

concrete acts as a very good thermal bridge (which is bad).

Question 18

Crawl Spaces

Have different requirements depending on whether they are _________, or __________.

Answer 18

Crawl spaces

Have different requirements depending on whether they are conditioned, or unconditioned.

Question 19

Ceiling detail:
Insulation should be full thickness over _________.
Sometimes, the insulation is “_______” at the rafter/wall intersection

Answer 19

Ceiling detail:
Insulation should be full thickness over exterior walls
Sometimes, the insulation is “pinched” at the rafter/wall intersection

Question 20

General types of insulation:
__________
- blanket or batt made with fiberglass or rock wool. Possibly some other recycled products (denim)

_______
-Bulk fiberglass or cellulose blown into place.

_______
-Polystyrene or urethane (Polyisocyanurate) boards

__________
-Foil faced surfaces on various materials

_________
-Low or high density urethane sprayed into cavity.

Answer 20

General types of Insulation:
Flexible
blanket or batt made with fiberglass or rock wool. Possibly some other recycled products (denim)

Loose-fill
Bulk fiberglass or cellulose blown into place.

Rigid
Polystyrene or urethane (Polyisocyanurate) boards

Reflective
Foil faced surfaces on various materials

Foamed-in-place
Low or high density urethane sprayed into cavity.

Question 21

Specific types of insulation:
_______________ (EPS), R-4/in, white bead board

______________ (XPS) R-5/in, best for ground contact or damp conditions. Often used on exterior of ____________.

______________ (PIC) R-5.6/in. rigid,

Foamed-in place (spray foam) Low-density = ____ cell R-3.7/in, high density = _____ cell R-6.5/inch

_________ R-3.17/in, high density R3.5/in. (_____)

Cellulose mostly ________ materials. 3.7/in.

Answer 21

Specific types of insulation:

Expanded polystyrene (EPS), R-4/in, white bead board

Extruded polystyrene (XPS) R-5/in, best for ground contact or damp conditions. Often used on exterior of foundation walls.

Polyisocyanurate (PIC) R-5.6/in. rigid,

Foamed-in place (spray foam) Low-density = open cell R-3.7/in, high density = closed cell R-6.5/inch

Fiberglass R-3.17/in, high density R3.5/in. (cheapest)

Cellulose mostly recycled materials. 3.7/in.

Question 22

Challenges in design
Considerations
- location of ______ material in the structure

• New or remodeling situation
• Structural materials; wood, steel or concrete
• __________ Conditions (hot & humid or cold & dry)
• Availability of ________________
• _________ or _______ situation

__________ can help to keep moisture from entering the wall/ceiling cavities

Answer 22

Challenges in design
Considerations
Considerations
location of insulating material in the structure
New or remodeling situation
Structural materials; wood, steel or concrete
Climatic Conditions (hot & humid or cold & dry)
Availability of desired materials
Thermal or acoustical situation
Vapor retarders can help to keep moisture from entering the wall/ceiling cavities

Question 23

Moisture in buildings
__________ – water that has dropped out of the vapor state into liquid state. This occurs at the Dew point

_________ – when condensation occurs due to a drop in temperature.

_____________ – Amount of moisture held within the air.

Answer 23

Moisture in buildings
Condensation – water that has dropped out of the vapor state into liquid state. This occurs at the Dew point
Dew point – when condensation occurs due to a drop in temperature.
Relative humidity – Amount of moisture held within the air.

Question 24

Air leakage
Occurs where ever there is a _____ or _____ in the ________ system.
Leaks can occur ______ in the structure.

Answer 24

Air leakage
Occurs where ever there is a seam or crack in the building system.
Leaks can occur everywhere in the structure.

Question 25

Venting issues | Bath vent blowing moisture directly into an attic space. Moist air causes ____.

Answer 25

Venting issues | Bath vent blowing moisture directly into an attic space. Moist air causes mold.

Question 26

Drying potential A system where structural members are allowed to _________. Ice damming can be eliminated with _____________________ Proper attic ventilation allows leaked moisture from living space to ____________ the structure.

Answer 26

Drying potential A system where structural members are allowed to dry naturally. Ice damming can be eliminated with proper construction techniques. Proper attic ventilation allows leaked moisture from living space to fully escape the structure.

Question 27

______ – Air in only ____ – Air out only _____ - Balanced Rate Bad, Better, Best

Answer 27

Bad – Air out only Better – Air in only Best - Balanced

Question 28

Mechanical house ventilation | Air is drawn in through _________ in winter or _______ in summer

Answer 28

Mechanical house ventilation | Air is drawn in through small ports in winter or windows in summer

Question 29

``` Mechanical ventilation _______________(HRV) - In summer it ____ - In Winter it _____ - Air passes through a ___________ to increase efficiency 50-80% efficient depending on model type ```

Answer 29

``` Heat-Recovery Ventilator (HRV) In summer it cools Winter, warms Air passes through a heat exchanger to increase efficiency 50-80% efficient depending on model type ```

Question 30

``` Types of insulation: 1. Flexible _________ aka Batts & Rolls made with fiberglass (R-3.2/in) or rockwool (R-3.3/in). Batt – refers to _____________ Rolls – _____________ ``` _________ – no covering on either side. ______ – can have a Kraft paper facing, foil facing… Facings can act as vapor control Batt or Roll insulation in attic spaces is often applied in ____________, first layer between the ______ members (cavity), then a second layer _________ to the first layer. This assumes a floor will ________ on top of the insulation.

Answer 30

Flexible Blankets aka Batts & Rolls made with fiberglass (R-3.2/in) or rockwool (R-3.3/in). Batt – refers to pre-cut lengths Rolls – uncut the entire length Unfaced – no covering on either side. Faced – can have a Kraft paper facing, foil facing… Facings can act as vapor control Batt or Roll insulation in attic spaces is often applied in two directions, first layer between the framing members (cavity), then a second layer perpendicular to the first layer. This assumes a floor will not be placed on top of the insulation.

Question 31

2.Loose-fill/ blown-in Bulk _________ (R-3.2/in) or _______ (R-3.7/in) blown into place. Advantages include forming a _________ or blanket.

Answer 31

Loose-fill Bulk fiberglass (R-3.2/in) or cellulose (R-3.7/in) blown into place. Advantages include forming a complete layer or blanket.

Question 32

Cellulose insulation is most often made from _____________ products such as newspaper. Blown-in Cellulose or Fiberglass is often the choice when insulating the ______ of an __________. Blown-in insulation in a closed cavity is always ____, this is not a ________ application.

Answer 32

Cellulose insulation is most often made from recycled paper products such as newspaper. Blown-in Cellulose or Fiberglass is often the choice when insulating the cavities of an old house. Blown-in insulation in a closed cavity is always dry, this is not a wet-spray application.

Question 33

Wet spray sticks to ________ surfaces. ______________ when completed. Most common wet spray is ________.

Answer 33

Wet spray sticks to vertical surfaces. Trimmed flush when completed. Most common wet spray is Cellulose.

Question 34

Loose-fill (dry blown-in). May be installed behind _______.

Answer 34

Loose-fill (dry blown-in). May be installed behind netting.

Question 35

3. Foamed-in-place Urethane Low density (R-3.6/in) or high density (R-6.5/in - 7) sprayed on ______ and in _______. Low density – ______ High density – _____ cell Both require specialize equipment to __________. Both contribute to______________ of building. High density (closed cell) spray foam generally does not ____________. It does not ____ as much as open cell and it costs ______ than open cell.

Answer 35

2. Foamed-in-place Urethane Low density (R-3.6/in) or high density (R-6.5/in - 7) sprayed on surfaces and in cavities. Low density – open cell High density – closed cell Both require specialize equipment to install. Both contribute to overall stiffness of building.

Question 36

Low density (R-3.6/in) is installed to _______________. Then the extra is ____________ with the stud/joist/rafter cavity

Answer 36

Low density (R-3.6/in) is installed to completely fill the cavity. Then the extra is trimmed flush with the stud/joist/rafter cavity

Question 37

``` High density (R-6.5/in -7) typically sprayed in _______ (2 - 4”). Often used in combination with ______________ ```

Answer 37

``` High density (R-6.5/in -7) typically sprayed in thinner layers (2 - 4”). Often used in combination with batt insulation ```