Signs/ Symptoms And ABGs Flashcards
Respiratory acidosis can be due to?
COPD, life threatening asthma, pulmonary oedema, neuromuscular disease, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, sedative drugs opiate overdose or benzos
Causes of respiratory alkalosis?
Anxiety leading to hyperventilation
PE- raised resp rate
Pregnancy
Altitude
CNS disorders: stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage encephalitis
Salicylate poisoning
What is first line for pregnancy women for smoking cessation?
CBT, motivational interviewing. If unsuccessful then nicotine replacement therapy
Side effects of NRT?
Nausea vomiting, headache and flu like symptoms
What is vernicline?
Partial Nicotinic receptor agonist- last 12 weeks.
Most common adverse effect- nausea abnormal dreams headache insomnia
What is bupropion?
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor and Nicotinic antagonist, small risk of seizure
Contraindicated in epilepsy and having eating disorders
Causes of clubbing?
ABC FLAT PCCGW
Atrial myxoma, bacterial endocarditis, congenital cyanosis (Fallots/ TGA), fibrosing alveolitis, lung cancer, asbestosis (mesothelioma), TB, Pyogenic conditions ( Cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, empyema, abscess), cirrhosis, Graves, Whipple crohns
Haemoptysis causes?
Lung cancer- smoking, weight loss and anorexia
Pulmonary oedema- dyspnoea, bibasal crackles and S3
TB- night sweats, weight loss, fever, anorexia
PE- pleuritic chest pain tachycardia and tachypnoea
LRTI- purulent cough
Bronchiectasis- cough and daily purulent sputum production
Mitral stenosis - dyspnoea, AF, malar flush, mid-diastolic murmur
Aspergilloma- history of TB, CXR opacities
Granulomatosis with polyangitis- Upper respiratory tract: epistaxis, sinusitis, nasal crusting
Lower respiratory tract: dyspnoea, haemoptysis
Glomerulonephritis
Saddle-shape nose deformity
Good pastures syndrome- Haemoptysis
Systemically unwell: fever, nausea
Glomerulonephritis
