Bronchiectasis Flashcards
What is bronchiectasis?
Permanent dilatation of airways secondary to inflammation and infection
What causes bronchiectasis?
A SICK AIRWAY
Airway lesion
Sequestration
Immunodeficiency syndrome i.e slevective igA, hypogammaglubulinaemia
Cystic fibrosis
Kartageners syndrome
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Infection/inflammation
Reflux/ recurrent injury
Williams Campbell and other congenital conditions Marfans
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
Yellow nail syndrome young syndrome
Signs of bronchiectasis on CXR/ CT?
CXR- tram lines and CT- signet rings
Presentation of bronchiectasis?
persistent productive cough ( large volumes), wheezing and pleuritic chest pain, Haemoptysis, sob,
On examination in bronchiectasis you would find?
Coarse crackles, wheeze, clubbing
Which organisms cause bronchiectasis?
Haemophilus influenza
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Management of bronchiectasis?
Physical training inspiration muscles
Postural drainage
Antibiotics
Bronchodilators
Immunisations
Surgery
Diagnosis of bronchiectasis can be made from?
History of Recurrent pulmonary infections and radiological findings
CXR findings?
Cystic shadow, tram lines (thickened bronchial walls)
Gold standard for diagnosing bronchiectasis?
CT - airway diameter> accompanying blood vessel ratio greater than 1
Sometimes CT and neutrophilia
On CT bronchiectasis has 3 types?
Cylindrical
Varicose
Cystic
On spirometry what would bronchiectasis show?
Obstructive picture
What bloods can you check for in bronchiectasis?
Serum immunoglobulin and fibrinogen
What are the antibiotics of choice for bronchiectasis?
Macrolides (azithromycin) anti inflammatory, immunomodulatory
Side effect of ciprofloxacin?
Achilles’ tendon rupture
