Lung Cancer Flashcards
Types?
Non-small cell:
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell
Large cell
Small cell- neurosecretory granules that release hormones
Signs/ symptoms of lung cancer?
Short of breath
Cough
Haemoptysis
Finger clubbing
Recurrent pneumonia
Weight loss
Lymphadenopathy- supraclavicular
CXR?
Collapse
Hilar enlargement
Opacities
Pleural Effusion
Investigations?
Staging CT: contrast enhanced
PET CT: Injecting radioactive tracer attached to glucose molecules and taking images with CT scanner and gamma ray detector
Bronchoscopy with endobrachial US- biopsy
Histology all diagnosis
Treatment options?
Surgery in non-small cell: lobectomy, segmentectomy or wedge resection
Radiotherapy or chemotherapy as adjuvant
For small cell only chemo and radio
Endobrachial treatment stents or debunking for palliative.
Extrapulmonary manifestations?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy- hoarseness
Phrenic nerve palsy- sob
Superior vena cava obstruction- facial swelling, difficulty breathing and distended veins.
Horners- ptosis, miosis and anhydrosis- pancoast tumour
What is pembertons sign?
Raising hands over head- facial congestion and cyanosis
What can small cell lung cancer cause?
SIADH- hyponatraemia
Cushing’s
Limbic encephalitis antiHu antibodies memory impairment, hallucinations seizures
Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome- diplopia, weakness in proximal muscle, ptosis, slurred speech and dysphagia
Post titanic potentiation?
Lambert Eaton patients have reduced reflexes. But become temporarily normal if strong muscle contraction
What can squamous cell carcinoma cause?
Hypercalcaeima ectopic PTH
Clubbing
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
Hyperthyroidism- ectopic TSH
What is mesothelioma linked to?
Asbestos
What can be found in examination for lung cancer?
Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy
Clubbing
Fixed monophonic wheeze
What can adenocarcinoma cause?
Gynaecomastia
HPOA
Investigation of choice?
CT
What can be seen in bloods with lung cancer?
Raised platelets
