signs: healthy vs unhealthy

Question 1

pig behavior

Answer 1

• intelligent – easily trained, excellent hearing and sense of smell
• social animals – house in groups, have a social hierarchy
• behaviors
  - running
  - scratching
  - swimming
  - mud baths

          - no sweat glands ➞ sensitive to heat stress
          - thermoregulation
          - parasite control

Question 2

coccidiosis in pigs: clinical signs

Answer 2

• diarrhea @ 10d
• lethargic
• weight loss or no weight gain
• dehydration

Question 3

streptococcus suey in pigs: clinical signs

Answer 3

• inappetence
• weight loss or not gaining weight
• fever
• inflammation
• lethargic
• arthritis
• pneumonia
• shaking/convulsing ➞ it’s close to death

Question 4

porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in pigs: clinical signs

Answer 4

• fever
• lethargy
• poor growth
• dyspnea
• sneezing
• vomiting (older animals)
• reproductive problems ➞ unique so key clinical sign for identification

            - premature
            - stillborn
            - mummified fetus
            - weak piglets 

• 2° infx ➞ infected with other pathogens (virus, bacteria)

  - ex: influenza, porcine respiratory coronavirus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Question 5

feline behaviors

Answer 5

• solitary predatory hunters ➞ carnivores

  * eat alone

• territorial ➞ need own space & access to resources
• live in groups
• form strong social attachments with familiar people & conspecifics (usually close kin)
• scratching ➞ scent distribution & claw maintenance
• stretching
• perching ➞ visualize envir & feel safe/secure
• climbing
• hiding
• hunting
• playing

Question 6

canine behavior

Answer 6

• highly social

  * live in groups
  * form strong social attachments with familiar people, and conspecifics 

• carnivores
• territorial
• play and exercise
• social environment
• cognitive stimulation

Question 7

signs of a healthy horse

Answer 7

1. Normal Behavior/Demeanor ➞ TPR, E, not standing alone, good body posture, raised head
2. Good Body Condition: 5 or 6
3. shiny, glossy hair Coat
4. Hoof Growth:

• Healthy hoof wall tissue
• 1⁄4 to 1⁄2 inch/month (6-8 w clipping)
• Smooth and uncracked

5. bright, fully open eyes, no discharge, not glazed over or dull
6. firm manure & straw-colored urination

Question 8

signs of pain in horses

Answer 8

1. Restlessness, Agitation, Anxiety
2. Rigid stance, reluctance to move
3. Lowered head carriage
4. Fixed stare, dilated nostrils, clenched jaw
5. Aggression towards own foal or people

Question 9

abnormal repetitive behaviors (ARBs)

Answer 9

captive specific behaviors that indicate a physiological problem or envir stressor or deficiency

1. sham-chewing: chewing air ➞ produces foam

• mechanism: food-related frustration ➞ not enough food compared to what they normally eat
• pigs

2. back-flipping

• mechanism: cognitive impairment ➞ developmental
• basal ganglia: region of the brain responsible for behavioral inhibition or control ➞ regulation
• damage increases locomotive behaviors

3. self-mutilation: behaviors results in direct increase in serotonin or lower cortisol (measure of stress)

• feather-plucking
• skin-picking

Question 10

dairy cattle ABRs

Answer 10

1. tongue rolling ➞ mimicking eating grass
2. non-nutritive oral manipulation (NNOM)
   * weaning associated
   * resemble nat behaviors like drinking milk or foraging
   * limited understanding of development

Question 11

scours in cattle: clinical signs

Answer 11

• very watery diarrhea that runs through bedding ➞ hard to identify b/c runs through hay
• signs of dehydration
• signs of weakness:
  * lethargy
  * droopy ears
  * laying more frequently ➞ tricky to identify b/c calves lay down a lot
  * not eating

Question 12

Laminitis clinical signs

Answer 12

• lameness
• NWB
• shifting weight
• increased TPR

Question 13

equine colic clinical signs

Answer 13

• Increase in TPR
• sweating
• panting
• rolling

Question 14

canine hypothyroidism clinical signs

Answer 14

• weight gain without an increase in appetit
• lethargy and lack of desire to exercise
• cold intolerance
• dry, dull hair with excessive shedding.
• very thin to nearly bald hair coat.
• increased dark pigmentation in the skin

Question 15

canine osteoarthritis clinical signs

Answer 15

• Pain
• stillness and lameness
• Swollen joints
• Refusal to jump, use stairs or run
• Reluctance to stand up

Question 16

canine parvovirus clinical signs

Answer 16

• lethargy
• loss of appetite
• abdominal pain and bloating
• fever or low body temperature (hypothermia)
• vomiting
• severe bloody diarrhea

Question 17

feline obesity clinical signs

Answer 17

• Difficulty jumping or climbing stairs
• Sitting or lying down more and showing an unwillingness to get up and move around
• Loss of a visible waistline
• Inability for pet parent to feel rib bones or hip bones

Question 18

Feline panleukopenia clinical signs

Answer 18

• depression
• loss of appetite
• high fever
• lethargy
• vomiting
• severe diarrhea
• nasal discharge
• dehydration
• sit for long periods of time in front of their water bowls but not drink much water

Question 19

Feline idiopathic cystitis clinical signs

Answer 19

• straining to urinate
• bloody or discolored urine
• frequent urination
• accidents
• inability to urinate

Question 20

Mastitis clinical signs

Answer 20

• milk is thicker & more yellow (normally liquid & clear/white)
• Udder is red and swollen
• usually only present in 1 quarter of udder