Signs and Symptoms of TMD Flashcards
What are the 3 major sites of potential breakdown?
Muscles
TMJs
Dentition
An objective clinical finding revealed during examination
Signs
A description or complaint by the Patient
Symptom
The following are \_\_\_\_ of TMD: •Limited opening •Enlarged muscles •Deviated opening •Clicking •Crepitis •Acute malocclusion (bite changes
Signs of TMD
The following are \_\_\_\_ of TMD: •Facial pain •Headache •Tinnitus •Ear fullness •Pain with function •vertigo
Symptoms of TMD
In a study done by professors at UMKC, it showed that symptoms were more prevalent for people under the age of ____
45
What are the 2 most common TMD complaints?
PAIN (most common) and Dysfunction
- Most common complaint
- Ranges from
- Slight tenderness
- To extreme discomfort
Pain
- Pain felt in muscle tissue
* Often arises from increased levels of muscular activity
Myalgia
What is the most likely etiology of TMD?
Parafunctional activity
Origin of Muscle pain
•Related to vasoconstriction of relevant nutrient arteries
vasoconstriction
Origin of Muscle pain •Accumulation of ________ in the muscle tissue•
waste products
Origin of Muscle pain:
______ substances released causing muscle pain
Algogenic
______ (complaint of TMD):
•Decrease in the range of mandibular movement
•Muscle overuse will result in pain from an contraction or stretching
Dysfunction
Type of dysfunction: Patient will restrict his/her movements within a range that does not increase pain levels
inability to open wide
type of dysfunction:
•Any sudden change in the occlusal position that has been created by a disorder
Acute Malocclusion
The following are classified as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ disorders: •Co-contraction (muscle splinting) •Local muscle soreness •Myofacial pain (trigger point myalgia) •Myospasm •myositis
Masticatory muscle disorders
____ is a reflexive contraction of adjacent muscles to prevent movement or stabilize the tissue, resulting from noxious stimuli of a sensory field of a joint, soft tissue, or other structure
Protective splinting of muscles
_____
Can result from prolonged protective co-contraction
•Clinically muscles are tender
•Due to excessive use or local trauma
Local muscle soreness
- Another disorder
- Resulting from prolonged protective co-contraction
- Characterized by local areas of firm hypersensitive bands of muscle tissue
Myofacial pain
- Inflammatory muscle condition
* Chronic result from prolonged protective co-contraction
Myositis
- Involuntary muscle spasm
- A CNS response to local conditions
- A Condition of relatively short duration
Myospasm
\_\_\_\_\_ factors •Acutely alter sensory or proprioceptive input •Fracture of a tooth •New restoration •Trauma to local structures •Anesthesia injection •Intubation •Chewing unusually hard
Local factors
______ Factors
•Emotional stress!!!
•Acute Illnesses
•Viral infections
Systemic Factors
When an acute myalgic disorder is not resolved It may progress into a _____ pain disorder
chronic pain disorder
______ ______ Factors
•Protracted cause
•Recurrent cause
•Therapeutic mismanagement
Local Perpetuating Factors
______ cause
•If a clinician fails to eliminate and acute myalgia disorder•A more chronic condition can develop
•Protracted
- Protracted cause
* If a clinician fails to eliminate and acute myalgia disorder•A more _____ condition can develop
chronic condition
_____ Cause
•Bruxism
•Repeated Trauma
Recurrent cause
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ factors •Continued emotional stress •Constitutional factors •Sleep disturbances •Learned behavior •Secondary gain •Depression •Psychological intensification
Systemic perpetuating factors
________ Can perpetuate or advance an acute condition to a more chronic pain disorder
Continued emotional stress•
\_\_\_\_\_\_ factors •Ability of a patient to respond to local or systemic events •influenced by •Nutrition •Physical fitness •metabolism
Constitutional factors
- People learn to be sick rather than well
* Need to receive therapy to promote wellness behavior
Learned behavior
- Chronic pain can produce _______ for patients
- Excuse to avoid work
- Attention from family and friends
secondary gains
- A common finding in patients with chronic pain
* Elimination of pain may not eliminate this
depression
______ describes
•The longer the patient suffers
•The greater the paini ntensification
•Thus perpetuates the problem
Psychogenic intensification
Functional disorders of the _______:
•Derangements for the condyle-disc complex
•Structural incompatibility of the articular surfaces
•Inflammatory joint disorder
TMJ
The ______ muscle as it works to keep the disc between the condyle and the articular eminence, can actually pull the disc forward, if the posterior retrodiscal ligament gets stretched and cannot pull the disc back into the proper position. This can lead to function on the posterior border of the disc, where the disc can become flattened
superior lateral pterygoid
•The posterior border of the disc becomes thinned, the disc can be displaced further into the discal space so the condyle becomes positioned on the posterior border of the disc.
Disc Displacement
When the disc is replaced to normal position, it is said to be reduced. Thus if the condyle will move off the disc, but the disc will return back to its original position, the condition is referred to as __________
Disc Displacement with reduction
Pull of the superior lateral pterygoid as the patient moves into protrusive, will become more _____ in it’s pull.
medial
The disc can be displaced _______ with the lateral pole being exposed first
anteriomedially
If the disc moves off the condyle, and becomes displaced to the anterior of the condyle, and does not return back to the head of the condyle, the derangement is known as ________
disc displacement without reduction.
Function on the ________ can be painful for the patient. Despite the discomfort, with time, these tissues will begin to turn into fibrous tissue, and function will be altered, but will become pain free.
retrodiscal tissues
In a healthy joint the articular surfaces are _____ and ____
firm and smooth
What is the term used to describe the mandible being locked in place?
Sublaxation
How do you fix sublaxation?
Push down and back on posterior teeth
_______ disorder is characterized by the following:
•Constant dull ache
•Osteoarthritis
•Degenerative Joint disease
Inflammatory joint disorder
