Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GRE Psychology Subject Exam > Significant Figures > Flashcards

Significant Figures Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GRE® Psychology flashcards GRE® Vocabulary flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego reality and pleasure principles ego ideal defense mechanisms (expanded by Anna Freud) psychoanalysis transference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anna Freud

A

1895-1982; Field: psychoanalysis; Contributions: focused on child psychoanalysis fully developed defense mechanisms emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carl Jung

A

1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Erik Erikson

A

1902-1994; Field: neo-Freudian humanistic; Contributions: created an 8-stage theory to show how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting “Who am I?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lawrence K_hlberg

A

1927-1987; Field: cognition moral development; Contributions: created a theory of moral development that has 3 levels; focuses on moral reasoning rather than overt behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carol Gilligan

A

1936-pres; Field: cognition; Contributions: maintained that K_hlberg’s work was developed by only observing boys and overlooked potential differences between the habitual moral judgments of boys and girls; girls focus more on relationships than laws and principles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

William James

A

1842-1910; Field: functionalism; Contributions: studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; Studies: Pragmatism The Meaning of Truth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

William Wundt

A

1832-1920; Field: structuralism voluntarism; Contributions: introspection basic units of experience; Studies: 1st psychological laboratory in world at University of Leipzig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

BF Skinner

A

1904-1990; Field: behavioral; Contributions: created techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism’s behavior in order to observe the effects of subsequent behavior; Studies: Skinner box

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

John B Watson

A

1878-1958; Field: behaviorism; Contributions: generalization-inductive reasoning emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; Studies: Little Albert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Jean Piaget

A

1896-1980; Field: cognition; Contributions: created a 4-stage theory of cognitive development said that two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth (assimilation and accommodation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Harry Harlow

A

1905-1981; Field: development; Contributions: realized that touch is preferred in development; Studies: Rhesus monkeys studied attachment of infant monkeys (wire mothers v. cloth mothers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Carl Rogers

A

1902-1987; Field: humanistic; Contributions: founded person-centered therapy theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal growth unconditional positive regard fully functioning person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

1908-1970; Field: humanism; Contributions: hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level dominate an individual’s motivation as long as they are unsatisfied self-actualization transcendence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Karen Horney

A

1885-1952; Field: neo-Freudian psychodynamic; Contributions: criticized Freud stated that personality is molded by current fears and impulses rather than being determined solely by childhood experiences and instincts neurotic trends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alfred Adler

A

1870-1937; Field: neo-Freudian psychodynamic; Contributions: basic mistakes style of life inferiority/superiority complexes childhood influences personality formation; Studies: Birth Order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gordon Allport

A

1897-1967; Field: trait theory of personality; Contributions: list of 11,000 traits 3 levels of traits-cardinal central and secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hermann Rorschach

A

1884-1922; Field: personality psychoanalysis; Contributions: developed one of the first projective tests the Inkblot test which consists of 10 standardized inkblots where the subject tells a story the observer then derives aspects of the personality from the subject’s commentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Solomon Asch

A

1907-1996; Field: social psychology; Contributions: studied conformity found that individuals would conform even if they knew it was wrong; Studies: conformity opinions and social pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stanley Schachter

A

1922-present; Field: emotion; Contributions: stated that in order to experience emotions a person must be physically aroused and know the emotion before you experience it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

1933-1984; Field: social psychology; Contributions: wanted to see how the German soldiers in WWII fell to obedience wanted to see how far individuals would go to be obedient; Studies: Shock Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

1933-present; Field: social psychology; Contributions: proved that peoples behavior depends to a large extent on the roles they are asked to play; Studies: Stanford Prison Study-studied power of social roles to influence people’s behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Elizabeth K˜bler-Ross

A

1926-2004; Field: development; Contributions: 5 stages the terminally ill go through when facing death (1. death 2. anger/resentment 3. bargaining with God 4. depression 5. acceptance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Elizabeth Loftus

A

1944-present; Field: memory; Contributions: expert in eyewitness testimony (false memories or misinformation effect); Studies: Reconstruction of Auto. Destruction Jane Doe Case (repressed memories of Nicole Taus’ sex abuse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Robert Sternberg

A

1949-present; Field: intelligence; Contributions: devised the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (academic problem-solving practical and creative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Albert Bandura

A

1925-present; Field: sociocultural; Contributions: pioneer in observational learning stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated ‘appropriate’ play with dolls children mimicked play

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Raymond Cattell

A

1905-1998; Field: intelligence; Contributions: fluid & crystal intelligence; 3 domains of personality sphere (personality ability & motivation) 16 Personality Factors (personality test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Aaron Beck

A

1921-present; Field: cognitive; Contributions: father of Cognitive Therapy created Beck Scales-depression inventory hopelessness scale suicidal ideation anxiety inventory and youth inventories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

1928-present; Field: language; Contributions: disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language humans have an inborn native ability to develop language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Edward Thorndike

A

1874-1949; Field: behaviorism; Contributions: Law of Effect-relationship between behavior and consequence; Studies: Law of Effect with cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

HJ Eysenck

A

1916-1997; Field: personality; Contributions: asserted that personality is largely determined by genes used introversion/extroversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

1913-1999; Field: development; Contributions: compared effects of maternal separation devised patterns of attachment; Studies: The Strange Situation-observation of parent/child attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Kenneth Clark

A

1914-2005; Field: social psychology; Contributions: research evidence of internalized racism caused by stigmatization; Studies: Doll experiments-black children chose white dolls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

1896-1934; Field: child development; Contributions: investigated how culture & interpersonal communication guide development zone of proximal development; play research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Martin Seligman

A

1942-present; Field: learning; Contributions: Positive Psychology learned helplessness; Studies: Dogs demonstrating learned helplessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Howard Gardner

A

1943-present; Field: intelligence; Contributions: devised the theory of multiple intelligences (logical-mathematic spatial bodily-kinesthetic intrapersonal linguistic musical interpersonal naturalistic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Kurt Lewin

A

1890-1947; Field: social psychology; Contributions: German refugee who escaped Nazis proved the democratic style of leadership is the most productive; Studies: Leadership syles-studied effects of 3 leadership styles on children completing activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

1891-1951; Field: Gastroenterology; Contributions: developed foundation for classical conditioning discovered that a UCS naturally elicits a reflexive behavior; Studies: dog salivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Hermann Ebbinghaus

A

1850-1909; Field: memory; Contributions: 1st to conduct studies on forgetting: first a rapid loss followed by a gradual declining rate of loss; Studies: memory-series of meaningless syllables/words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Benjamin Whorf

A

1897-1941; Field: language; Contributions: his hypothesis is that language determines the way we think

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Robert Rosenthal

A

1933-present; Field: social psychology; Contributions: focus on nonverbal communication self-fulfilling prophecies; Studies: Pygmalion Effect-effect of teacher’s expectations on students

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Judith Langlois

A

dates ?; Field: developmental; Contributions: social development & processing effects of appearance on behavior origin of social stereotypes sex/love/intimacy facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

David Rosenhan

A

dates?; Field: social psychology; Contributions: proved that once you are diagnosed with a disorder your care would not be very good in a mental health setting; Studies: Hospital experiment-checked into hospital to check diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Daniel Goleman

A

1946-present; Field: intelligence; Contributions: emotional intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Charles Spearman

A

1863-1945; Field: intelligence; Contributions: found that specific mental talents were highly correlated concluded that all cognitive abilities showed a common core which he labeled ‘g’ (general ability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Albert Ellis

A

1913-2007; Field: cognitive-behavioral; Contributions: Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) focuses on altering client’s patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Harry Stack Sullivan

A

1892-1949; Field: psychoanalysis; Contributions: groundwork for enmeshed relationships developed the Self-System-a configuration of personality traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Robert Yerkes

A

187601956; Field: intelligence comparative; Contributions: social behavior of gorillas/chimps Yerkes-Dodson law-level of arousal as related to performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Alfred Binet

A

1857-1911; Field: testing; Contributions: general IQ tests designed test to identify slow learners in need of remediation-not applicable in the U.S. because too culture-bound (French)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Little Albert

A

ca. 1920; Field: behaviorism; Contributions: subject in John Watson’s experiment proved classical conditioning principles: Studies: Little Albert-generalization of fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Karl Wernicke

A

1848-1905; Field: perception; Contributions: area of left temporal lobe involved language understanding; Studies: person damaged in this area uses correct words but they do not make sense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Ernst Weber

A

1795-1878; Field: perception; Contributions: just-noticeable-difference (JND) that eventually becomes Weber’s law; Studies: 1st study on JND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Gustav Fechner

A

1801-1887; Field: perception; Contributions: stated that the magnitude of a sensory experience is proportionate to the # of JND’s that the stimulus causing the experiences above the absolute threshold

54
Q

Mary Cover-Jones

A

1896-1987; Field: learning; Contributions: systematic desensitization maintained that fear could be unlearned

55
Q

Robert Zajonc

A

1923-present; Field: motivation; Contributions: believes that we invent explanations to label feelings

56
Q

Henry Murray

A

1893-1988; Field: intelligence testing; Contributions: devised the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) with Christina Morgan stated that the need to achieve varied in strength in different people and influenced their tendency to approach and evaluate their own performances

57
Q

Paul Ekman

A

1934-present; Field: emotion; Contributions: found that facial expressions are universal

58
Q

Clark Hull

A

1884-1952; Field: motivation; Contributions: maintains that the goal of all motivated behavior is the reduction or alleviation of a drive state mechanism through which reinforcement operates

59
Q

David McClelland

A

1917-1998; Field: intelligence testing; Contributions: devised a way to measure Murray’s theory (TAT) developed scoring system for TAT’s use in assessing achievement motivation not the TAT

60
Q

Francis Galton

A

1822-1911; Field: differential psychology AKA “London School” of Experimental Psychology; Contributions: behavioral genetics maintains that personality & ability depend almost entirely on genetic inheritance; Studies: Twin Studies-compare identical & fraternal twins Hereditary Genius-used bell curve for normal distribution & “Law of Errors”-differences in intellectual ability

61
Q

Charles Darwin

A

1809-1882; Field: geology biology; Contributions: transmutation of species natural selection evolution by common descent; Studies: “The Origin of Species” catalogs his voyage on the Beagle

62
Q

Lewis Terman

A

1877-1956; Field: testing; Contributions: revised Binet’s IQ test and established norms for American children

63
Q

Phineas Gage

A

1823-1860; Field: neurobiology; Contributions: 1st person to have a frontal lobotomy (by accident) his accident gave information on the brain and which parts are involved with emotional reasoning

64
Q

William Sheldon

A

1898-1977; Field: personality; Contributions: theory that linked personality to physique on the grounds that both are governed by genetic endowment: endomorphic (large) mesomorphic (average) and ectomorphic (skinny)

65
Q

David Weschler

A

1896-1981; Field: testing; Contributions: established an intelligence test especially for adults (WAIS)

66
Q

Walter B. Cannon

A

1871-1945; Field: motivation; Contributions: believed that gastric activity as in empty stomach was the sole basis for hunger; Studies: inserted balloons in stomachs

67
Q

1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego reality and pleasure principles ego ideal defense mechanisms (expanded by Anna Freud) psychoanalysis transference

A

Sigmund Freud

68
Q

1895-1982; Field: psychoanalysis; Contributions: focused on child psychoanalysis fully developed defense mechanisms emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle

A

Anna Freud

69
Q

1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation

A

Carl Jung

70
Q

1902-1994; Field: neo-Freudian humanistic; Contributions: created an 8-stage theory to show how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting “Who am I?”

A

Erik Erikson

71
Q

1927-1987; Field: cognition moral development; Contributions: created a theory of moral development that has 3 levels; focuses on moral reasoning rather than overt behavior

A

Lawrence K_hlberg

72
Q

1936-pres; Field: cognition; Contributions: maintained that K_hlberg’s work was developed by only observing boys and overlooked potential differences between the habitual moral judgments of boys and girls; girls focus more on relationships than laws and principles

A

Carol Gilligan

73
Q

1842-1910; Field: functionalism; Contributions: studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; Studies: Pragmatism The Meaning of Truth

A

William James

74
Q

1832-1920; Field: structuralism voluntarism; Contributions: introspection basic units of experience; Studies: 1st psychological laboratory in world at University of Leipzig

A

William Wundt

75
Q

1904-1990; Field: behavioral; Contributions: created techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism’s behavior in order to observe the effects of subsequent behavior; Studies: Skinner box

A

BF Skinner

76
Q

1878-1958; Field: behaviorism; Contributions: generalization-inductive reasoning emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; Studies: Little Albert

A

John B Watson

77
Q

1896-1980; Field: cognition; Contributions: created a 4-stage theory of cognitive development said that two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth (assimilation and accommodation)

A

Jean Piaget

78
Q

1905-1981; Field: development; Contributions: realized that touch is preferred in development; Studies: Rhesus monkeys studied attachment of infant monkeys (wire mothers v. cloth mothers)

A

Harry Harlow

79
Q

1902-1987; Field: humanistic; Contributions: founded person-centered therapy theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal growth unconditional positive regard fully functioning person

A

Carl Rogers

80
Q

1908-1970; Field: humanism; Contributions: hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level dominate an individual’s motivation as long as they are unsatisfied self-actualization transcendence

A

Abraham Maslow

81
Q

1885-1952; Field: neo-Freudian psychodynamic; Contributions: criticized Freud stated that personality is molded by current fears and impulses rather than being determined solely by childhood experiences and instincts neurotic trends

A

Karen Horney

82
Q

1870-1937; Field: neo-Freudian psychodynamic; Contributions: basic mistakes style of life inferiority/superiority complexes childhood influences personality formation; Studies: Birth Order

A

Alfred Adler

83
Q

1897-1967; Field: trait theory of personality; Contributions: list of 11,000 traits 3 levels of traits-cardinal central and secondary

A

Gordon Allport

84
Q

1884-1922; Field: personality psychoanalysis; Contributions: developed one of the first projective tests the Inkblot test which consists of 10 standardized inkblots where the subject tells a story the observer then derives aspects of the personality from the subject’s commentary

A

Hermann Rorschach

85
Q

1907-1996; Field: social psychology; Contributions: studied conformity found that individuals would conform even if they knew it was wrong; Studies: conformity opinions and social pressures

A

Solomon Asch

86
Q

1922-present; Field: emotion; Contributions: stated that in order to experience emotions a person must be physically aroused and know the emotion before you experience it

A

Stanley Schachter

87
Q

1933-1984; Field: social psychology; Contributions: wanted to see how the German soldiers in WWII fell to obedience wanted to see how far individuals would go to be obedient; Studies: Shock Study

A

Stanley Milgram

88
Q

1933-present; Field: social psychology; Contributions: proved that peoples behavior depends to a large extent on the roles they are asked to play; Studies: Stanford Prison Study-studied power of social roles to influence people’s behavior

A

Philip Zimbardo

89
Q

1926-2004; Field: development; Contributions: 5 stages the terminally ill go through when facing death (1. death 2. anger/resentment 3. bargaining with God 4. depression 5. acceptance)

A

Elizabeth K˜bler-Ross

90
Q

1944-present; Field: memory; Contributions: expert in eyewitness testimony (false memories or misinformation effect); Studies: Reconstruction of Auto. Destruction Jane Doe Case (repressed memories of Nicole Taus’ sex abuse)

A

Elizabeth Loftus

91
Q

1949-present; Field: intelligence; Contributions: devised the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (academic problem-solving practical and creative)

A

Robert Sternberg

92
Q

1925-present; Field: sociocultural; Contributions: pioneer in observational learning stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated ‘appropriate’ play with dolls children mimicked play

A

Albert Bandura

93
Q

1905-1998; Field: intelligence; Contributions: fluid & crystal intelligence; 3 domains of personality sphere (personality ability & motivation) 16 Personality Factors (personality test)

A

Raymond Cattell

94
Q

1921-present; Field: cognitive; Contributions: father of Cognitive Therapy created Beck Scales-depression inventory hopelessness scale suicidal ideation anxiety inventory and youth inventories

A

Aaron Beck

95
Q

1928-present; Field: language; Contributions: disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language humans have an inborn native ability to develop language

A

Noam Chomsky

96
Q

1874-1949; Field: behaviorism; Contributions: Law of Effect-relationship between behavior and consequence; Studies: Law of Effect with cats

A

Edward Thorndike

97
Q

1916-1997; Field: personality; Contributions: asserted that personality is largely determined by genes used introversion/extroversion

A

HJ Eysenck

98
Q

1913-1999; Field: development; Contributions: compared effects of maternal separation devised patterns of attachment; Studies: The Strange Situation-observation of parent/child attachment

A

Mary Ainsworth

99
Q

1914-2005; Field: social psychology; Contributions: research evidence of internalized racism caused by stigmatization; Studies: Doll experiments-black children chose white dolls

A

Kenneth Clark

100
Q

1896-1934; Field: child development; Contributions: investigated how culture & interpersonal communication guide development zone of proximal development; play research

A

Lev Vygotsky

101
Q

1942-present; Field: learning; Contributions: Positive Psychology learned helplessness; Studies: Dogs demonstrating learned helplessness

A

Martin Seligman

102
Q

1943-present; Field: intelligence; Contributions: devised the theory of multiple intelligences (logical-mathematic spatial bodily-kinesthetic intrapersonal linguistic musical interpersonal naturalistic)

A

Howard Gardner

103
Q

1890-1947; Field: social psychology; Contributions: German refugee who escaped Nazis proved the democratic style of leadership is the most productive; Studies: Leadership syles-studied effects of 3 leadership styles on children completing activities

A

Kurt Lewin

104
Q

1891-1951; Field: Gastroenterology; Contributions: developed foundation for classical conditioning discovered that a UCS naturally elicits a reflexive behavior; Studies: dog salivation

A

Ivan Pavlov

105
Q

1850-1909; Field: memory; Contributions: 1st to conduct studies on forgetting: first a rapid loss followed by a gradual declining rate of loss; Studies: memory-series of meaningless syllables/words

A

Hermann Ebbinghaus

106
Q

1897-1941; Field: language; Contributions: his hypothesis is that language determines the way we think

A

Benjamin Whorf

107
Q

1933-present; Field: social psychology; Contributions: focus on nonverbal communication self-fulfilling prophecies; Studies: Pygmalion Effect-effect of teacher’s expectations on students

A

Robert Rosenthal

108
Q

dates ?; Field: developmental; Contributions: social development & processing effects of appearance on behavior origin of social stereotypes sex/love/intimacy facial expression

A

Judith Langlois

109
Q

dates?; Field: social psychology; Contributions: proved that once you are diagnosed with a disorder your care would not be very good in a mental health setting; Studies: Hospital experiment-checked into hospital to check diagnosis

A

David Rosenhan

110
Q

1946-present; Field: intelligence; Contributions: emotional intelligence

A

Daniel Goleman

111
Q

1863-1945; Field: intelligence; Contributions: found that specific mental talents were highly correlated concluded that all cognitive abilities showed a common core which he labeled ‘g’ (general ability)

A

Charles Spearman

112
Q

1913-2007; Field: cognitive-behavioral; Contributions: Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) focuses on altering client’s patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotions

A

Albert Ellis

113
Q

1892-1949; Field: psychoanalysis; Contributions: groundwork for enmeshed relationships developed the Self-System-a configuration of personality traits

A

Harry Stack Sullivan

114
Q

187601956; Field: intelligence comparative; Contributions: social behavior of gorillas/chimps Yerkes-Dodson law-level of arousal as related to performance

A

Robert Yerkes

115
Q

1857-1911; Field: testing; Contributions: general IQ tests designed test to identify slow learners in need of remediation-not applicable in the U.S. because too culture-bound (French)

A

Alfred Binet

116
Q

ca. 1920; Field: behaviorism; Contributions: subject in John Watson’s experiment proved classical conditioning principles: Studies: Little Albert-generalization of fear

A

Little Albert

117
Q

1848-1905; Field: perception; Contributions: area of left temporal lobe involved language understanding; Studies: person damaged in this area uses correct words but they do not make sense

A

Karl Wernicke

118
Q

1795-1878; Field: perception; Contributions: just-noticeable-difference (JND) that eventually becomes Weber’s law; Studies: 1st study on JND

A

Ernst Weber

119
Q

1801-1887; Field: perception; Contributions: stated that the magnitude of a sensory experience is proportionate to the # of JND’s that the stimulus causing the experiences above the absolute threshold

A

Gustav Fechner

120
Q

1896-1987; Field: learning; Contributions: systematic desensitization maintained that fear could be unlearned

A

Mary Cover-Jones

121
Q

1923-present; Field: motivation; Contributions: believes that we invent explanations to label feelings

A

Robert Zajonc

122
Q

1893-1988; Field: intelligence testing; Contributions: devised the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) with Christina Morgan stated that the need to achieve varied in strength in different people and influenced their tendency to approach and evaluate their own performances

A

Henry Murray

123
Q

1934-present; Field: emotion; Contributions: found that facial expressions are universal

A

Paul Ekman

124
Q

1884-1952; Field: motivation; Contributions: maintains that the goal of all motivated behavior is the reduction or alleviation of a drive state mechanism through which reinforcement operates

A

Clark Hull

125
Q

1917-1998; Field: intelligence testing; Contributions: devised a way to measure Murray’s theory (TAT) developed scoring system for TAT’s use in assessing achievement motivation not the TAT

A

David McClelland

126
Q

1822-1911; Field: differential psychology AKA “London School” of Experimental Psychology; Contributions: behavioral genetics maintains that personality & ability depend almost entirely on genetic inheritance; Studies: Twin Studies-compare identical & fraternal twins Hereditary Genius-used bell curve for normal distribution & “Law of Errors”-differences in intellectual ability

A

Francis Galton

127
Q

1809-1882; Field: geology biology; Contributions: transmutation of species natural selection evolution by common descent; Studies: “The Origin of Species” catalogs his voyage on the Beagle

A

Charles Darwin

128
Q

1877-1956; Field: testing; Contributions: revised Binet’s IQ test and established norms for American children

A

Lewis Terman

129
Q

1823-1860; Field: neurobiology; Contributions: 1st person to have a frontal lobotomy (by accident) his accident gave information on the brain and which parts are involved with emotional reasoning

A

Phineas Gage

130
Q

1898-1977; Field: personality; Contributions: theory that linked personality to physique on the grounds that both are governed by genetic endowment: endomorphic (large) mesomorphic (average) and ectomorphic (skinny)

A

William Sheldon

131
Q

1896-1981; Field: testing; Contributions: established an intelligence test especially for adults (WAIS)

A

David Weschler

132
Q

1871-1945; Field: motivation; Contributions: believed that gastric activity as in empty stomach was the sole basis for hunger; Studies: inserted balloons in stomachs

A

Walter B. Cannon

GRE Psychology Subject Exam (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions