Significant Architectural Details Flashcards
Mastaba, Pyramid, Sphinx, Rock-cut Tombs, Temples
Also called “Bench tomb”
Mastaba
What is the interior of mastabas made to stimulate?
Ancient Egypt residence
Regulated mound containing small rooms covering a board pit
Mastaba
Formed from wooden or crude mudbrick pillars > Covered in rubble > Walled in mud bricks
Building process of a Mastaba
Who’s mastabas are highly colored and decorated?
Royalty
Usually located on eastern side of tomb, facing the Nile river. Believed to guide the spirit of the dead inside the mastaba
Fake Door
the period when they developed stairway mastaba because of tomb raiders
2nd and 3rd Dynasty
The period when they developed a small offering chapel in the mastaba
4th Dynasty
The period when the offering room/chapel became more elaborate
5th and 6th Dynasty
Less rooms than the mastaba, usually made to confuse tomb robbers
Solid Dummy Mastaba
The place where the sarcophagus/mummy case is located
Mastaba Reproducing House
Where deceased member of the family is buried (Mastaba)
Serdab
Offerings are placed here (Mastaba)
Outer Chamber
Important elements of a Mastaba
Entrance, Court, Serdabs, Offering room
Burial Chamber & Mummy of the Pharaoh
Inspired by the mastaba
Pyramids
How they raise stone blocks from one level to another
Pivoted levers
Burial at the Pyramid Complex: Where the ceremony starts
Nile River
Burial at the Pyramid Complex: (Second phase) where they pass through for purification
Valley Temple
Burial at the Pyramid Complex: Third phase
Travel through the causeway
Burial at the Pyramid Complex: Fourth Phase
Go through the mortuary temple
for pharaohic princesses
subtiary pyramids
First pyramid ever made
Step Pyramid of Djoser, Saqqara
First large scale monument in stone
Step Pyramid of Djoser, Saqqara
Oldest surviving masonry
Step Pyramid of Djoser, Saqqara
Father of Architecture
Imhotep
Pyramid originated from his idea of stacking up mastabas
Imhotep
Pyramid of Huni, the last king of the 3rd dynasty
Pyramid of Meidum
Bent Pyramid of Snefru
Lower part: ?
Upper part: ?
LP: 54 UP: 43
Around pyramid was a double walled rectangular enclosure, offering chapel and mortuary temple on the east, and causeway leading to the valley building
Bent Pyramid of Snefru
Made after the abandonment of the bent pyramid
North Pyramid of Snefru, Dah-Shur
Blocks of stones transported by Nile river
and dragged in the desserts by sled
The Great Pyramid of Giza
The Three Pyramids of Giza
The great pyramid (Khufu), the pyramid of Khafre, and the pyramid of Menkaure
Made for the second King of the 4th Dynasty. The largest among three pyramids in site
The Great Pyramid of Cheops
Second pyramid in the complex. Less large than the pyramid of Cheops. Has only one chamber
The Great Pyramid of Chephren
Smallest among the Giza Pyramid complex. Belongs to the grandson of Cheops.
The Great Pyramid of Menkaure
Landing and reception point for the mummy prior to offering and burial
The Valley Temple
Carved from spur of rock: Head of chephren wearing the royal headdress, false beard, cobra brow ornament, and has a body of a lion
The Great Sphinx of Chephren
Body of lion, head of man
Androsphinx
Body of lion, head of hawk
Heirosphinx
Body of lion, head of ram
Criosphinx
A Pyramid with Triple series of enormous paired stone false arches. Offering chapel is incorporated with temple.
Pyramid of Sahura, Abusir
Kingdom in the 11th - 17th Dynasty
Middle Kingdom
Developed the third type of tomb, the Rock- Hewn Tomb
Menthetep II
Erected the earliest known Obelisk
Senusrets
Found the Great Temple at Karnak and the Great Temple of Ammon.
Amenemhat I
Belongs to the provincial great family during the 11th and 12th dynasty
Beni Hasan Tombs
A tomb hewn out of native rock, presenting only an architectural front with dark interior chambers, of which the sections are supported by masses of stone left in the form of solid pillars.
Rock-cut tomb
Location of the tomb of the kings
Thebes, where stairs, passages and chamber extend as into the mountain side and up to below the valley floor.
Where the sarcophagus in the Tomb of the kings lay
rock-columned hall
Makes up the walls of the tombs
Paintings of ceremonial funerary scenes and religious
Location of the Valley of the Kings
A long narrow defile just west of the Nile river in Upper Egypt part of the city of Thebes
Dynasties of the reign of the pharaohs who are buried in the valley of kings?
18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties
Timeline from Thutmus I to Ramses X.
1539BC - 1075BC
a large stone coffin (often of granite) in which the mummy was interred
Sacophagus
What was decorated all over the sarcophagus?
hieroglyphs, which provide some of the finest examples of Egyptian art
Egyptian Art
Hieroglyphics
2 Types of Temples
Mortuary and Cult Temples
temples for the popular worship of the ancient and mysterious gods
Cult
Tenples for the ministration defied pharaohs
mortuary
Parts of an Egyptian Temple
Avenue of Sphinx, Entrance Pylon, Hypaethral Court, Hypostyle Hall, Sanctuary
the site of ceremonial processions and originally connected to the temples
The avenue of sphinx
massive sloping tower fronted by an obelisk/obelisks, Known to be the gateway in Egyptian Temple
Entrance Pylon
A large court open to the sky
Hypaethral court
pillared hall in which the roof rest on columns
Hypostyle Hall
Usually surrounded by passages and chamber used in connection with the temple services.
Sanctuary
The object inside the sanctuary of a temple that symbolizes the journey of their spirit in the afterife
Boat
An example of a Cult temple
Temple of Konsu, Karnak
Characterized by entrance pylons, a court hypostyle hall, sanctuary, and various chapels, all enclosed by a high girdle wall
Temple of Konsu
