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History of Architecture > Early Christian > Flashcards

Early Christian Flashcards

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1
Q

Christianity had its birth in

A

Judea, Eastern province of
the Roman Empire, that move to Rome.

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2
Q

Early Christian Architecture was influenced by

A

the existing Roman Art.

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3
Q

The ruins of the Roman buildings provided a quarry where materials were obtained. This influenced the style for?

A
  • -construction: decoration, for columns, and other architectural features,
  • -Fine sculptures and mosaic from older buildings which were turned into basilican churches.
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4
Q

The fiercer the sun and hotter climate necessitated

A

small windows and other Eastern features.

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5
Q

spread out rapidly

A

Christianity

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6
Q

issued their celebrated edict
of Milan, giving Christianity equal rights with other religion.

A

-Constantine and Licinius

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7
Q

was the prime character but was not
proclaimed Emperor

A

-Constantine

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8
Q

-He removed his empire from Rome to Byzantium and
developed a new style of Architecture

A

-Constantine

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9
Q

-He declared Christianity to be the official religion

A

Constantine

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10
Q

The final phase of Roman Architecture from the 4th
to 6th century primarily in church buildings.

A

313AD - 800AD

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11
Q

Christianity required impressive settings and
ceremonies to reflect its new importance, that’s why it adapted such architectural supplies from Roman architecture as?

A
  • Basilica,
  • The atrium of the house,
  • Baths,
  • Tombs and mausoleums,
  • Paintings and mosaics.
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12
Q

Early Christian structures are made of?

A

stone and brick with increasingly less use of concrete.

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13
Q

Interior walls are lavishly decorated with?

A

mosaics that depict
-religious scenes
-iconography and images of the Roman emperor

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14
Q

Early Christian buildings follow

A

basilica or centralized plan

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15
Q

allows for big interior spaces that could accommodate worshipers and rituals. To house the relics of saints and for more space they add transept, creating a cross plan, which is practical and symbolic of faith.

A

Adaptation of basilica with its nave, aisles, and apse

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16
Q

main symbol

A

cross

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17
Q

Symbols and Motifs

A

main symbol is cross, others
are fish, dove, and lamb.

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18
Q

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

A
  1. Simplicity in Design
  2. Coarseness in Execution
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19
Q

Unlike Greeks and Romans temples which sheltered the gods, the purpose of the Christian church was to

A

shelter worshippers.

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20
Q

a rectangular hall, its interior divided
longitudinally into a central nave, flanked by two or four aisles.

A

The basilica

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21
Q

At one end of the hall of the Basilica, almost always the east, was a

A

projecting hemispherical apse

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22
Q

in Roman basilicas this housed

A

a tribunal

23
Q

in Christian churches it held

A

the sanctuary

24
Q

open rectangular forecourt,
surrounded by arcades which
formed as the approach to the
church with a fountain at the
center, containing water used
for ablution (a form of
cleansing

A

Atrium

25
Q

(a form of cleansing).

A

ablution

26
Q

A basin for a ritual cleansing with water in the atrium of an early Christian Basilica.

A

Cantharus

27
Q

The covered walk of an atrium or cloister

A

Ambulatory

28
Q

Covered area between the
atrium and the church which
was assigned to the penitents.

A

2.Narthex

29
Q

usually lighted by a clear-storey of small windows, with an aisle on either side usually half the width of the nave.

A

Nave & the Aisle

30
Q

A portion of an interior rising above adjacent rooftop and having windows admitting daylight to the interior.

A

Clerestory

31
Q

added to their mystique, providing an
ethereal, opaque light, either through stone plaques perforated with decorative holes, or through colored glass or alabaster. At night the marble and glass, silver and gold that filled the church would glint in the
flickering light of candles.

A

The windows

32
Q

Constructed from spoils, the nave features a variety of capitals.

A

Capital and Dosseret

33
Q

This double-zone protomai capital comprises?

A

-acanthus leaves surmounted by half-figures of eagles.
-Above, a Dosseret or impost block forms the transition from the circular capital to the square arcade base.

34
Q

marble stones cut to form geometric patterns. Other floor coverings included flagstones and marble pavements.

A

Opus Sectile

35
Q

The walls and floors of many churches feature an ornate surface decoration of

A

Opus Sectile

36
Q

Preceded by the arch of triumph with a high altar in the center standing free under its baldachino upheld by marble columns.

A

Sanctuary

37
Q

A traverse open space separating the nave and the apse of an early Christian Church, developing into the transept of later cruciform churches.

A

Bema

38
Q

The major traverse part of a cruciform church,
crossing the main axis at a right angle between the nave and the choir.

A

Transept

39
Q

A semicircular or polygonal projection of a building is usually vaulted and used especially at the sanctuary or east end of the church. Also called apsis.

A

Apse

40
Q

The bishop’s throne, occupying a recess or apse in an early Christian church.

A

Tribune

41
Q

A low screen in an early Christian Basilica separating the clergy and sometimes the choir from the congregation

A

Cancelli

42
Q

An ornamental canopy of stone or marble
permanently placed over the altar in a church. Also,
baldachin, baldaquin.

A

Baldachino

43
Q

The table in a Christian Church upon which the
Eucharist, the sacrament celebrating Christ’s Last Supper, is celebrated. Also called communion table.

A

Altar

44
Q

Either of two raised stands from which the Gospel or Epistles were read or chanted in an early Christian church. Also called Ambon.

A

Ambo

45
Q

Place in front of the high altar and was enclosed by
a low screen wall known as “cancelli” (hence chancel)
and was provided with a pulpit or “ambo” on either
side use for reading the epistle and gospel.

A

Choir

46
Q

Terminal of the church, where
“sanctuary” is located, and the bishop
took the central space.

A

Apse

47
Q

*Modeled from Roman Halls of Justice.
*Evolved from Roman dwelling house.
*Erected over the burial place of a saint to whom the
church was dedicated.

A

BASILICAN CHURCHES

48
Q

built by Constantine, had an
uninterrupted ‘continuous
transept, which housed the
relics of the apostle.

A

St. Peter’s Basilica,
Rome (319-322)

49
Q

The roofs of basilicas were usually of

A

-open timber or were coffered.
-Occasionally, more often in the Near East, they were vaulted.

50
Q

Walls were usually of

A

brick or alternating brick and
stone-faced concrete.

51
Q

Largest and most impressive among all basilican churches

A

ST. PAOLO FUORI LE MURA, ROME

52
Q

Built by Sixtus Ill, dedicated to Constantine, oldest among the Italian Baptisteries.

A

BAPTISTY OF CONSTANTINE. ROME

53
Q

Earliest building of cruciform plan

A

Tomb of Galla Placidia, Ravenna

History of Architecture (7 decks)

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