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History of Architecture > Ancient Near East Architecture (Babylonia, Assyria & Persia) > Flashcards

Ancient Near East Architecture (Babylonia, Assyria & Persia) Flashcards

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1
Q

“Menos

A

Middle

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2
Q

Potamas

A

River

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3
Q

Where did Ancient Near East Architecture flourish

A

twin rivers, tigris and euphrates

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4
Q

Design of buildings are..

A

elevated to dodge floods

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5
Q

why did they built the ziggurats

A

heavy floods

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6
Q

they have timber and limestone for their construction materials

A

persia

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7
Q

there is rare experience of rain

A

In persia

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8
Q

Believers of symbolism, genies and demons

A

Mesopotamians

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9
Q

They were superstitious

A

Mesopotamians

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10
Q

Believer of good and evil. They believe that good usually triumphs in the end.

A

Persians

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11
Q

considered extraordinary bcs they achieved the highest degree of civilization

A

Babylonians

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12
Q

believe in military superiority and it manifested in their buildings

A

Assyrians and persians

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13
Q

(2235 BC - 2530 BC)

A

Babylonian Period

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14
Q

Known as Chaldean Architecture

A

Babylonian Period

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15
Q

Built temples, ziggurats, and tombs

A

Babylonian Period

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16
Q

Located between euphrates and tigres river

A

Babylonian Period

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17
Q

Built Palaces and Temples

A

Assyrian Period

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18
Q

(9th to 7th BC)

A

Assyrian Period

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19
Q

Composed of Ancient cities Nineveh,Nimrud, Koyunjik, and Kack Sabad

A

Assyrian Period

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20
Q

(538 - 333 BC)

A

Persian Period

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21
Q

During the persian period, structures were found in

A

Pasargadae, Susa, and Persepons

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22
Q

Borrowers of Style

A

Persian Period

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23
Q

Architecture was a mix of egyptian, babylonian, and greek style

A

Persian Period

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24
Q

Architectural Character (3)

A

Massiveness, Monumentality, Grandeur

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25
Q

Arcuated type of construction: Arch, Vault, Flat strips, buttresses with glazed tile adornment

A

Assyrian and Babylonian Arch

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26
Q

Columnar and Trabeated with Flat timber roof, sometimes dowed

A

Persian Arch

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27
Q

occupied the middle and southern part of Mesopotamia.

A

the empire of Babylonia

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28
Q

He ordered the construction of several temples

A

King Hammurabi

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29
Q

promulgate a code of 282 laws, one of which is the Code of Hammurabi

A

King Hammurabi

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30
Q

classic micro-manager, concerned with all aspects of his rule, and this is seen in his famous legal code

A

King Hammurabi

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31
Q

Where does the legal codes of Hammyrabi survive

A

this stele in the louvre and on clay tablets

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32
Q

vertical stone monument or marker often inscribed with text or with relief carving

A

la stele

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33
Q

Also known as holy mountain

A

ZIGGURATS

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34
Q

Chief building structure, square or rectangular in plan with steeply battered sides and an open platform on top

A

ZIGGURATS

35
Q

Decoration of ziggurats

A

Cone mosaic laid into wet plaster and colored and glazed brick.

36
Q

The highest terrace (part of ziggurat)

A

Temple

37
Q

Carried water away from ziggurat

A

Drains

38
Q

Where three staircase come together

A

Gate

39
Q

Allowed water to evaporate from core

A

Weeper Holes

40
Q

Runs directly up the front of the ziggurat

A

Staircase

41
Q

On either side of the staircase

A

Buttres

42
Q

Core of Ziggurat, covered in baked bricks

A

Outer Shell

43
Q

One of each level of ziggurat, covered in baked brick

A

Terrace

44
Q

Usually have one flat top rectangular mound carrying the upper temple

A

Archaic Ziggurat

45
Q

It has sloping sides, three of which had flat buttress

A

The White Temple and Ziggurat at Warka

46
Q

Illustrated the origin of the Ziggurat or temple-tower, in the prehistoric Mesopotamian temple set on its platform.

A

The White Temple and Ziggurat at Warka

47
Q

Subsidiary broad square platform of similar height overlapped the north corner served by a long easy steps from which a circuitous ram lead off from an intermediate landing

A

The White Temple and Ziggurat at Warka

48
Q

Temple was originally whitewashed

A

The White Temple and Ziggurat at Warka

49
Q

Rectangular in plan, designed with several piers or stages

A

Two or More Stages of Ziggurat

50
Q

the complex comprised the ziggurat and its court, a secondary court attached to it and three great temples

A

The Ziggurat of Ur - Nammu

51
Q
  • Carried the usual temple on its summit and had the normal orientation
  • Solid core of mud brick, covered with a skin of burnt brickwork
A

The Ziggurat of Ur - Nammu

52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q

Its sides were slightly convex giving an added effect of mass, with brad shallow corner buttresses.

A

The Ziggurat of Ur - Nammu

54
Q

Black-representing Ea floating the dominating the water

A

Level 2

54
Q

White- representing Apsu

A

Level l

54
Q

Red - representing the sun kindled air

A

Level 3

55
Q

Blue - represented the heaven above the earth

A

Level 4

56
Q
A
57
Q
A
58
Q
  • There were five tiers, the lowest is shallower than the rest, each mounted on a plinth
  • The flights of stairs recessed in the mass, led to the top of the first tier on the center of each front
A

The Ziggurat of Tohoga-Zanbil

59
Q

Most of the evidence for Neo-Babylonian art and architecture is

A

literary

60
Q

Of the material evidence that survives, the most important fragments are from the

A

Ishtar Gate of Babylon

61
Q

known for their colorful glazed bricks, which they shaped into bas-reliefs of dragons, lions, and aurochs to decorate the Ishtar Gate.

A

Neo-Babylonians

62
Q

Neo-Babylonian art and architecture reached its zenith under King

A

King Nebuchadnazzer II

63
Q

King
Nebuchadnezzar Il, who ruled from

A

604-562 BC

64
Q

He was a great patron of art and urban development and rebuilt the city of Babylon to reflect its ancient glory.

A

King Nebuchadnazzer II

65
Q

renovated the city so that it covered 900 hectares (2,200 acres) of land and boasted some the most beautiful and impressive structures in all of Mesopotamia.

A

Nebuchadnezzar II (604-561 BCE)

66
Q
  • with 250 towers and 100 bronze gates
  • It had an inner and outer part, each heavily fortified
A

City of Babylon

67
Q

Clad in Lapis Lazuli glazed brick with a deep blue background and colored band at the base and top, the wall surface embellished by low-relief animal figures spaced across its imposing surface

A

Ishtar Gate

68
Q

A prominent characteristic of Neo-Babylonian art and architecture was the use of

A

brilliantly colorful glazed bricks.

69
Q

275m × 183m overall
Among its maze of rooms was a vast throne room
Its long façade decorated with polychrome glazed brick

A

Hanging Garden of Babylon

70
Q

one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, dated from the late Chaldo-Babylonian kingdom.

A

Hanging Garden of Babylon

71
Q

They may have comprised terraces disposed in stages, one above the other, so that each stage formed a separate garden.

A

Hanging Garden of Babylon

72
Q

It appears to have been one combining the triple stairway approach and massive lower tier customary in early Mesopotamia, with upper stages arranged spirally according to Assyrian practice.

A

Tower of Babel

73
Q

Expensive precinct where associated as Ziggurat

A

Tower of Babel

74
Q

located on a plateau overlooking the Tigris River

A

The city of Assyria

75
Q

have enough fresh water to start farming, but their access to the river let them become important traders and merchants.

A

Assur

76
Q

He ordered the construction of Dur-Sharrukin (Fort Sargon/Palace of Sargon)
as the new capital city shortly after he came to the throne in 721 BC.

A

Sargon II

77
Q

were planted to increase Assyrians deficient oil production.

A

olive groves

78
Q
  • Polychrome ornamental brickwork
  • The use of high plinth or dadoes of great stone slab, placed on edge and usually carved with low-relief sculpture
A

ASSYRIA

79
Q
  • It contain 700 rooms
  • Each palace had three main parts each abutting the grand court
  • On the left of entering was a group of three temple
  • On the right, service quarter and administrative offices
A

Palace of Sargon, Khorsabad

80
Q

The palace was situated on n mound raised above the plain, close to the fortified city. It was reached via a flight of steps.

A

Plan of King Sargon’s Palace.
Khorsabad

81
Q
A

History of Architecture (7 decks)

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