Greek Architecture Flashcards
(Geographical influence) What made their communications difficult?
Rugged nature of Greek Peninsula and its island, with mountains
(Geographical Influence) Bounded on two sides by?
Black sea and mediterranean sea
Athens as its center kingdom contains the upper city known as
Citadel
Mountainous hinterland separated inhabitans ito groups, clans and state
Geographical Influence
was the inevitable means of trade and communication
Sea
Chief building material in greece
Greece
Also had ample supplies of
Buidling stones
Climatic Influence
Mild and rainy winters, relatively warm and dry summers, and generally extended periods of sunshine throughout most of the year
Religious Influence
Nature worship, represent their deites by large statues
Chief Diversion
Music, dancing, wrestling, boxing, gymnastics and bull fighting often with religious connection
Participate in hunting and more strenous games as wwell as in craftwork
Eomrn
Form of government
Tyrannical, aristocratic, and democratic
One of the democratic leader of athens
Pericles
Preclassical or Early Period
3000-700 BCE
Hellenic Period or Greek Architecture
650-323BCE
Preclassical/Early Period Architectural Character
-Low pitch or flat roof on multi storey structures
-Stairways was developed for verticla ciruclation
Principle Building types
Megaron or Aegean houses
Formed the central complex of a palace and the main domestic unit
Megaron
Long, narrow suit composed of columned porch, megaron proper, and thalamus
Megaron
Columned enclosed porch
Columned entrnce porch with central doorway
central Heart, columns supporting th roof
Megaron Proper
Sleeping area
Thalamus
Contained a raised throne and centered around a fixed circular hearth framed by four wooden columns
Circular Hearth
Huge stone blocks with clay beddings but without mortar
Cyclopean
Constructed with stones having polygonal faces, advance technique but without pith nor tar
Polygonal
Block of stone cut into rectangular shapes that serve as dowels
Rectangular
Stones with inclined blocks
Inclined blocks
Architectural Character of Greek Architecture/Hellenistic Period
- Simplicity and Harmony
- Purity of lines
- Perfection of proportions
- Refinement of details
Use rectangular plan
Hellenisgtic
Temple’s gateway
Propylea
What period of greek did the Collonade surround the temple
Hellenistic
Ceilings were ommited and treated with timber panelled coffers
Lancunaria
Walls were made out of? (Greek Architecture)
Made out of stone
Completed the building (GE)
Marble Scupltures
… on the walls of temples was highly developed
Mural Paining
Earliest civilizaiton in greek
The Minoans
Homeland was the island of crete
Minoan
Buildings were typically made of (The minoan)
Timber frames filled with clay bricks
City was a multistory palace with large central courtyard
The minoans
Known as Palace Age, known for their grand palaces
The minoans
Exmple of palace of the minoans
Palace of King Minos, Knossos
Were not warriors, they were traders, as a result their places were not fortified
The minoans
What is this capital? “Columns were uniquely constructed and easily identified as minoan. Constructed from wood and tapered at the bottom, Bright red colums and capitals color black”
Bulbous Capital
Stood on stone bases and hard large, bulbous tops known as
Cushion Capitals
Based their culture firmly on the minoans
The Myceneans
Surrounded their cities with mssive defensive walls
The Mycenaeans
A typical mycenaean palace consisted of a
central rectangular hall flanked by smaller chambers
They developed their templs from Megaron
The mycenaeans
Built in different levels on the uneven groumd, the main elements of the complex were the megaron
The Palace, Mycenae
Built on strategic, often impregnable hills, were enclosed by strong curtain walling
Citadel of Mycenae
Ruler and his family lived at
The upper end of the site
The dweilling of important figures such as military leaders
Within the enceinte
Most of the population lived
Outside the citadel’s wlals
Citadels were entered via monumental gatewats
Gate of Lion, Mycenae
Two vertical stones carrying a vast lintel
Gate of Lion
Massive fortification to the upper part of the citadel in irregular stle of cyclopean masonry
The palace, Tiryns
Two types of Aegean Tombs
Tholos
Rock Cut or Chamber thombs
Behive tomb, compose of a long passage known as dromos leading to a domed chamber
Tholos
Most decorated of all, Tholoi had decorated and colored facades
Treasury of Atreus
Dark, deriving its light only from the open doorway and triangular transome
Treasury of Atreus, Mycenae
Interiors of tholos domes were
Richly decorated
The tholos imitated
The dome of heaven
Creation of structures, buildings, and sculptures by excavating solid rock where it naturally occurs
Rock cut or chamber tomb
Period of decline or Dark age. followed the destruction of the mycenaean civilization in the 12 century
The greece (Archaic Period)
When did the arts of mycenaean civilization began to survive
8th to 7th century BC
From those early times, one specific building type predominated
The temple
