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Biology 3105 > Signalling > Flashcards

Signalling Flashcards

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1
Q

Integrator Proteins

A

Protein product of cell surface receptors at that start a cascade of reactions

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2
Q

Latent Gene regulator proteins

A

proteins that can be stored to initiate a later rapid response

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3
Q

Scaffold protein

A

adaptor/anchoring proteins that bind proteins into a functional complex

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4
Q

What major effect do scaffold proteins have on cell signalling?

A

Increase signalling efficiency

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5
Q

SH2

A

Src homology 2 domain, bind phosphorylated tyrosines (PY)

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6
Q

PH

A

Pleckstrin homology domain, binds charged head groups of specific phosphorylated inositol phospholipids (PP) & allow proteins to dock in the membrane

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7
Q

PTB

A

Phosphotyrosine-binding domain

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8
Q

SH3

A

Src homology 3 domain, binds short proline-rich amino acid sequences (PPP)

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9
Q

Inositol Phospholipid

A

anchors protein to the membrane

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10
Q

PPP

A

Proline-rich motif

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11
Q

Y

A

tyrosine

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12
Q

PY

A

Phosphotyrosine

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13
Q

What are the 4 important binding domains?

A

PH, PTB, SH2, SH3

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14
Q

What are the main Motifs?

A

PP, PY, PPP

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15
Q

PP

A

Phosphorylated inositol phospholipid

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16
Q

Paracrine Signaling

A

form of cell-to-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells

17
Q

Autocrine Signaling

A

cell signalling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger (called the autocrine agent) that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell, leading to changes in the cell

18
Q

Endocrine Signaling

A

Hormones move through the bloodstream

19
Q

How do steroid hormones ender the cell to bind to intracellular receptors?

A

Diffuse across the Plasma Membrane

20
Q

Agonist

A

Mimic the function of a hormone by binding a receptor and causing a normal response

21
Q

Antagonists

A

bind to the receptor but do not induce a normal physiological response

22
Q

How many membrane spanning regions do G-Protein coupled receptors contain?

A

7

23
Q

What are the 3 “post-amplifie?r” Target proteins

A

Metabolic enzyme, Gene regulatory protein, cytoskeletal protein

24
Q

What structures allow cell to cell communication to take place?

A

plasma membrane-attached proteins

25
Q

Endocrine

A

Hormones moving through the blood stream

26
Q

What are the steps in endocrine signaling?

A

Hormone is secreted into the blood by the endocrine gland, Hormone travels through the blood stream to the target cells, Hormone interacts with the target cells

27
Q

What is unique about steroid hormone Receptors?

A

They all have homologous binding domains

28
Q

How do steroid Hormone receptors Interact with DNA?

A

Through Zinc Fingers

29
Q

What are the 3 major classes of Cell surface Receptors?

A

Ion-channel-linked receptors, G-protein-linked receptors, Enzyme-linked receptors

30
Q

What are the 8 classes of large signalling proteins?

A

Relay proteins, Messenger proteins, Adaptor proteins, Amplifier proteins, Transducer proteins, Bifurcation proteins, Integrator proteins, Latent gene regulatory proteins

31
Q

What are five ways desensitizing of target cells can take place?

A

Receptor sequestration, receptor down-regulation, receptor inactivation, inactivation of signaling protein, production of inhibitory protein

32
Q

What are the 3 subunits of Trimeric G proteins?

A

alpha, beta, gamma

33
Q

How to Trimeric G proteins work?

A

when no ligand is bound to the receptor GDP is pound to the complex, when a ligand binds to the receptor GDP is switch out for GTP, The G-alpha-GTP complex separates and interacts with an “effector”

34
Q

What are adaptor proteins?

A

regulators of G protein signaling (RGS), enhance GTPase activity of the G-alpha-GTP complex and are know as GTPase Activating Proteins (GAPs)

35
Q

Transducer

A

a device that converts variations in a physical quantity, such as pressure or brightness, into an electrical signal, or vice versa

Biology 3105 (10 decks)

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