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Biology 3105 > Membranes > Flashcards

Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

What effects do Hydrophobic molecules have on the adjacent water molecules?

A

They Cause the water molecules to reorganize into icelike cages which increase the free energy

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2
Q

How can we follow movements within the membrane?

A

Use a nitroxyl spin label with an unpaired electron to follow movements within the membrane by “electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR)”

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3
Q

What does membrane fluidity depend on?

A

Composition and temperature

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4
Q

What happens at the “phase transition” point?

A

a liquid to gel transformation

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5
Q

How is fluidity altered?

A

by lipid tail length and cis double bonds

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6
Q

What is a lipid raft?

A

subdomains of the plasma membrane that contain high concentrations of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids

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7
Q

What are Glycolipids derived from?

A

Glycerol

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8
Q

Intrinsic or Integral Proteins

A

travers the membrane at least once or are covalently linked to the membrane

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9
Q

Extrinsic or Peripheral Proteins

A

attached to the membrane by ionic interactions

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10
Q

What effect does corralling have on membrane proteins?

A

Concentrates signaling complexes, increasing signaling speed and efficiency

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11
Q

How is Ras anchored to the plasma membrane?

A

Acylation

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12
Q

How is Src anchored to the plasma membrane?

A

Prenylation

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13
Q

What is the structure of a transmembrane segment?

A

20 to 30 amino acids cross the membrane in a alpha helix

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14
Q

Hydropathy Mapping

A

mapping of transmembrane proteins using the hydropathy index. Hydropathy index of an amino acid is a number representing the hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties of its sidechain

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15
Q

Why are proteins and lipids clycosylated?

A

Increase the hydrophilic nature of lipids and proteins and stabilize protein and lipid conformation

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16
Q

How can you solubilize peripheral membrane proteins?

A

High salt concentrations

17
Q

What are used to solubilize integral proteins?

A

Detergents

18
Q

Freeze Fracturing

A

Freezing a tissue or cell with nitrogen to rupture the cell in order to visualize and study the internal components

19
Q

FRAP

A

Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching, a method for determining the kinetics of diffusion through tissue or cells. It is capable of quantifying the two dimensional lateral diffusion of a molecularly thin film containing fluorescently labeled probes, or to examine single cells

20
Q

Prenylation

A

Addition of a hydrophobic molecule to a protein

21
Q

Acylation

A

the process of adding an acyl group to a compound

Biology 3105 (10 decks)

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