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Biology 3105 > Intracellular Vesicular Traffic > Flashcards

Intracellular Vesicular Traffic Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of coated vesicles are involved in endocytosis?

A

Clathrin coated vesicles

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2
Q

Endocytosis

A

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole

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3
Q

What type of coated vesicle are involved in the movement of vesicles off and onto the trans Golgi?

A

Clathrin coated vesicles

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4
Q

What type of vesicles mediate movement of Vesicles between the ER and Golgi as well as between Membrane stack within the Golgi?

A

Non-Clathrin coated vesicles

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5
Q

Coatomer

A

complex of proteins

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6
Q

COPI

A

retrograde movement from the medial -> cisternae -> ER

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7
Q

COPII

A

mediates movement from the ER -> Golgi

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8
Q

Cisternae

A

flattened membrane disk that makes up the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

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9
Q

What structure does a Clathrin molecule have?

A

Triskelion

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10
Q

What are the steps to vesicle formation using Clathrin?

A

Coat assembly and cargo selection, bud formation, vesicle formation, uncoating

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11
Q

What is used to uncoat the clathrin from vesicles?

A

Chaperones that act as uncoating ATPases

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12
Q

Dynamin

A

GTPase which helps pinch off vesicles from the membrane

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13
Q

How does Dynamin pinch off vesicles?

A

Dynamin polymerizes around the neck of the pit and then, binds and hydrolyzes GTP to pinch off a vesicle

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14
Q

What control the coat assembly?

A

Monomeric GTPases

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15
Q

ARF

A

GTPases for COPI and Clathrin

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16
Q

Sar1

A

GTPases for COPII

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17
Q

What is the Result of GTP hydrolysis of the coating of vesicles?

A

Coat Disassembly

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18
Q

syntaxin (t-SNARE)

A

Attached to nerve cell plasma membrane

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19
Q

synaptobrevin (v-SNARE)

A

attached to vesicle

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20
Q

Snap25 (t-SNARE)

A

SNARE protein

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21
Q

What does NSF do?

A

Dissociates SNARE proteins after the vesicle has fused to the membrane

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22
Q

Rab protein GTPases

A

direct vesicles to the right compartment

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23
Q

How many known Rab proteins are there?

A

30

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24
Q

BiP and clanexin

A

Chaperone proteins that ensure proper protein folding

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25
Q

How is Transport from the ER to the Golgi mediated?

A

Vesicular Tubular clusters

26
Q

How are Vesicular Tubular clusters formed?

A

NSF dissociates the t-snare/v-snare complex on free vesicles, v-snare from one vesicle binds with the t-snare of another causing the vesicles to attach to one another, vesicles become one through homotypic membrane fusion

27
Q

How do vesicles move from the ER to the cis Golgi network?

A

COPII coated vesicles leave the ER and form vesicular tubular clusters, these clusters are moved along microtubules by motor proteins to the cis Golgi network

28
Q

KDEL

A

a target peptide sequence in the amino acid structure of a protein which prevents the protein from being secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

29
Q

What happens to proteins with KDEL that end up in the cis-Golgi network?

A

They are returned to the ER

30
Q

What may be considered a main regulator of binding?

A

changes in pH

31
Q

What are the three section of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

cis Golgi network, Golgi stack, and the trans Golgi network

32
Q

What is the Aggregation of proteins with the same function called?

A

Kin recognition

33
Q

What is a main difference between proteins from the plasma membrane versus proteins from the ER and Golgi?

A

ER and Golgi have shorter transmembrane segments

34
Q

How determination for protein sorting made?

A

length of transmembrane regions

35
Q

cis Golgi Network

A

Sorting - phosphorylation of oligosaccharides on lysosomal proteins

36
Q

cis cisterna

A

removal of Man

37
Q

medial cisterna

A

removal of Man and addition o GlcNAc

38
Q

trans cisterna

A

addition of Gal, addition of NANA

39
Q

trans Golgi Network

A

Sorting - sulfation of tyrosines and carbhydrates

40
Q

Class A Genetic Defect

A

Accumulation of secreted proteins in the cytosol

41
Q

Class B Genetic Defect

A

Accumulation of secreted proteins in the rough ER

42
Q

Class C Genetic Defect

A

Accumulation of ER to Golgi transport vesicles

43
Q

Class D Genetic Defect

A

Accumulation of secreted proteins in the Golgi

44
Q

Class E Genetic Defect

A

Accumulation of secreted proteins in secretory vesicles

45
Q

Scaffold proteins

A

from tethers which help keep vesicles and cisternae in place

46
Q

Lysosomes

A

an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane

47
Q

How are lysosomes activated?

A

by H+ pumps

48
Q

How are the membranes of lysosomes protected from the acid hydrolases?

A

the membranes are glycosylated

49
Q

What is the plant equivalent to a lysosome?

A

Vacuoles

50
Q

What are the 3 pathways that deliver materials to lysosomes?

A

ednocytosis, phagocytosis, autophagy

51
Q

Phagocytosis

A

engulf and digest external materials

52
Q

Autophagy

A

destroy internal cell structures

53
Q

Endocytosis

A

internalize and process membrane-bound materials

54
Q

What is the purpose of Mannose-6-phosphate?

A

directs proteins to lysosomes

55
Q

Pinocytosis

A

the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane

56
Q

What happens once the Early Endosome becomes Acidified?

A

It forms the Late Endosome

57
Q

Lipid Rafts

A

subdomains of the plasma membrane that contain high concentrations of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids

58
Q

Trancytosis

A

transcellular transport in which various macromolecules are transported across the interior of a cell

59
Q

What are the steps of receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

LDL particle binds to LDL receptors on the external surface of the cell, membrane buds into a clathrin coated vesicle containing the LDL inside the cell, the Vesicle becomes uncoated and fuses with the endosome and becomes the early endosome, endosome passes LDL to lysosome, transport vesicle buds off and returns to plasma membrane

60
Q

How many cholesterol molecules does LDL contain?

A

1500

Biology 3105 (10 decks)

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