Signal Transduction Of Inflammation Flashcards
Chronic inflammation diseases
Cardiovascular disease
Neurological disease
Autoimmune disease
Rheumatoid disease
Cancer
Lupus
Fibromyalgia
Acute inflammation disease
Allergic reaction
Chemical ırritants
Infection
Trauma injury
Burns
Laceration,cuts,wounds
Cardinal signs of inflammation
Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain
Loss of function
Immediate inflammatory mediated by
Local macrophages
Endothelial cells
Leukocytes
2 molecular patterns that transducts stimulus in inflammation
PAMPs
DAMPs
PAMPs
For bacteria,viruses,fungi,protozoa
LPS
Peptidoglycan
Mannose
Flagellin
N-formylmethionine
DsRNA, ssRNA
Glucans
DAMPs
For tissue injury
HSP
HMGB1
Extracellular matrix proteins
Small molecules
DNA
Membrane phospholipids
Which receptors recognizes the PAMPs and DAMPs
PRR—> pattern recognition receptor
Types of PRR
Membrane bound= TLRs, Mannose receptor
Cytoplasmic= NOD, NLR,RLR
TLR2 recognizes
TLR2 = Peptidoglycan, bacterial lipoproteins, lipoteichoic acid, porins
On cell surface
TL4 recognizes
On cell surface
TLR4= LPS, gram negative cell wall, fungal mannans, viral envelope proteins,parasitic phospholipids, HSP,HMGB1
TLR-5 recognizes
On cell surface
Extracellular
TLR5 = bacterial flagellin
NF-kB takes major role in
TLR pathway
Inflammatory mediators
Cytokines—> IL,TNF
TNF-a and IL-1 responsible for
Fever and release of stress hormones
Responsible for the synthesis of IL-6,IL-8, interferon gamma
Cytokines especially IL-6 stimulate
Release of acute phase reactants —> CRP protein
Types of ILs in the ınflammation
IL1
IL6
IL8
Stimulate the chemotaxis
Induce extravascularization of granulocytes
Fever
TNF in inflammation
Leukocytosis
Fever
Stimulates prostaglandins production
Acute phase response
Within hours or days
Changes in the concentrations of plasma proteins= fibrinogen, C-reactive protein
Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Fever
Increased numbers of leukocytes
Skeletal muscle catabolism
Negative nitrogen balance
TNF-a
Pro-inflammatory factor
Binds to receptor
Activates NF-kB
Acute phase response proteins regulated by
IL-1
IL-6
Acute phase receptors
Class 1—> C-reactive protein/ NFKB
Class 2—> a2-macroglobin/ Stat3
IL-1 induces which molecules
Induces the Activation of APRE-Stat3 reporter
Induces tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of Stat3
PRRs on cell surface
TLR-2
TLR-4
TLR-5
PRRs on endosomes
TLR-3
TLR-8
TLR-9
TLR3 recognizes
In endosome
Viral ds DNA
TLR8 recognizes
In endosome
Viral ss RNA
Influenza
Covid
TLR9 recognizes
In endosome
Viral and bacterial sequences
PRR in cytoplasm
NOD-2
RIG-1
