Signal Transduction Of Inflammation

Question 1

Chronic inflammation diseases

Answer 1

Cardiovascular disease
Neurological disease
Autoimmune disease
Rheumatoid disease
Cancer
Lupus
Fibromyalgia

Question 2

Acute inflammation disease

Answer 2

Allergic reaction
Chemical ırritants
Infection
Trauma injury
Burns
Laceration,cuts,wounds

Question 3

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 3

Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain
Loss of function

Question 4

Immediate inflammatory mediated by

Answer 4

Local macrophages
Endothelial cells
Leukocytes

Question 5

2 molecular patterns that transducts stimulus in inflammation

Answer 5

PAMPs
DAMPs

Question 6

PAMPs

Answer 6

For bacteria,viruses,fungi,protozoa
LPS
Peptidoglycan
Mannose
Flagellin
N-formylmethionine
DsRNA, ssRNA
Glucans

Question 7

DAMPs

Answer 7

For tissue injury
HSP
HMGB1
Extracellular matrix proteins
Small molecules
DNA
Membrane phospholipids

Question 8

Which receptors recognizes the PAMPs and DAMPs

Answer 8

PRR—> pattern recognition receptor

Question 9

Types of PRR

Answer 9

Membrane bound= TLRs, Mannose receptor
Cytoplasmic= NOD, NLR,RLR

Question 10

TLR2 recognizes

Answer 10

TLR2 = Peptidoglycan, bacterial lipoproteins, lipoteichoic acid, porins
On cell surface

Question 11

TL4 recognizes

Answer 11

On cell surface
TLR4= LPS, gram negative cell wall, fungal mannans, viral envelope proteins,parasitic phospholipids, HSP,HMGB1

Question 12

TLR-5 recognizes

Answer 12

On cell surface
Extracellular
TLR5 = bacterial flagellin

Question 13

NF-kB takes major role in

Answer 13

TLR pathway

Question 14

Inflammatory mediators

Answer 14

Cytokines—> IL,TNF

Question 15

TNF-a and IL-1 responsible for

Answer 15

Fever and release of stress hormones

Responsible for the synthesis of IL-6,IL-8, interferon gamma

Question 16

Cytokines especially IL-6 stimulate

Answer 16

Release of acute phase reactants —> CRP protein

Question 17

Types of ILs in the ınflammation

Answer 17

IL1
IL6
IL8
Stimulate the chemotaxis
Induce extravascularization of granulocytes
Fever

Question 18

TNF in inflammation

Answer 18

Leukocytosis
Fever
Stimulates prostaglandins production

Question 19

Acute phase response

Answer 19

Within hours or days
Changes in the concentrations of plasma proteins= fibrinogen, C-reactive protein
Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Fever
Increased numbers of leukocytes
Skeletal muscle catabolism
Negative nitrogen balance

Question 20

TNF-a

Answer 20

Pro-inflammatory factor
Binds to receptor
Activates NF-kB

Question 21

Acute phase response proteins regulated by

Answer 21

IL-1
IL-6

Question 22

Acute phase receptors

Answer 22

Class 1—> C-reactive protein/ NFKB
Class 2—> a2-macroglobin/ Stat3

Question 23

IL-1 induces which molecules

Answer 23

Induces the Activation of APRE-Stat3 reporter
Induces tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of Stat3

Question 24

PRRs on cell surface

Answer 24

TLR-2
TLR-4
TLR-5

Question 25

PRRs on endosomes

Answer 25

TLR-3
TLR-8
TLR-9

Question 26

TLR3 recognizes

Answer 26

In endosome
Viral ds DNA

Question 27

TLR8 recognizes

Answer 27

In endosome
Viral ss RNA
Influenza
Covid

Question 28

TLR9 recognizes

Answer 28

In endosome
Viral and bacterial sequences

Question 29

PRR in cytoplasm

Answer 29

NOD-2
RIG-1