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Physiology > Signal Transduction > Flashcards

Signal Transduction Flashcards

1
Q

relationship b/w cytoplasms resistance and flow of current down the dendrite

A

more resistive cytoplasms will force more current to flow out across cell membrane rather than down axis of dendrite

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2
Q

length constant

A

distance where a graded potential has decreased to 37% of its original amplitude

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3
Q

length constant is dependent upon what 2 factors?

A

membrane resistance and axial resistance

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4
Q

large, myelinated axons will have longer length constants which means that??

A

graded potentials can travel over longer distances in large, myelinated axons before dying out

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5
Q

loss of signal strength

A

attenuation

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6
Q

relationship b/w length constant and attenuation

A

inversely proportional

increased length constant, decreased attenuation

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7
Q

relationship b/w diameter and length constant

A

directly proportional

increased diameter = increased length constant = decreased attenuation

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8
Q

what conditions decrease attenuation?

A

sharp termination of dendrite

increased diameter

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9
Q

branching ____ attenuation. why?

A

increases

b/c current has more paths to follow

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10
Q

most common autoimmune, demyelinating disease of PNS? CNS

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Multiple Sclerosis

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11
Q

serves to increase membrane resistance, reduce capacitance of pathways b/w axoplasm & extracellular fluid

A

myelin

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12
Q

5 consequence of demyelination

A
  • decreased conduction velocity
  • frequency-related block
  • total conduction block
  • ectopic impulse generation
  • increase in mechanosensitivity
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13
Q

glutamate & aspartate: inhibit? excite?

A

EXCITE

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14
Q

glycine and GABA: inhibit? excite?

A

inhibit

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15
Q

bouton terminal

A

presynaptic terminal

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16
Q

contain neuropeptides or small proteins that act as NTs and do not release their contents in active zone

A

dense-core secretory granules

17
Q

attachment sites of synaptic vesicles are called

A

active zones

18
Q

spatially focused networks

A

detailed neural mapping that allows one to read a sentence or play piano with precise timing

19
Q

do not form ion channel pores BUT use signal transduction mechanisms to activate intracellular events using second messenger chemicals

A

metabotropic transmitter receptors (ex. GPCR)

20
Q

neurons containing norepinephrine (locus coeruleus)

A

involved in regulation of:

attention
arousal
sleep-wake cycle
learning 
memory
pain
anxiety
mood
brain metabolism
21
Q

neurons containing serotonin (2 groups of raphe nuclei)

A
  • involved in clinical depression

- fire most rapidly during wakefulness or when an animal is aroused/active

22
Q

generation of dopamine containing cells in substantia nigra produces the progressively worsening motor dysfunction of what disease?

A

parkinson’s disease

23
Q

location of neurons containing dopamine

A

substantia nigra

ventral tegmental area of midbrain

24
Q

neurons containing Ach

A

general brain excitability during arousal, sleep wake cycles, learning, & memory formation

25
Q

2 major diffuse modulatory cholinergic systems

A

basal forebrain complex

pontomesencephalotegmental complex

26
Q

most EPSPs in brain are mediated by what types of channels?

A

glutamate-gated channels

27
Q

what 2 types of receptors can glutamate act on?

A

ionotropic

metabotropic

28
Q

mediates bulk of fast synaptic inhibition in CNS

A

GABA

29
Q

ionotropic receptors that are chloride-selective channels

A

GABA (A receptor) and glycine

30
Q

GABA-B receptor

A

a GPCR/metabotropic receptor linked to either opening of K+ channels or suppression of Ca++ channels.

31
Q

in the presence of GABA, what are the effects of benzos and barbiturates?

A

benzos INCREASE FREQUENCY of channel opening

barbiturates INCREASE DURATION of channel opening

Physiology (9 decks)

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