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MDRS > Sign and symptoms of respiratory disease > Flashcards

Sign and symptoms of respiratory disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are the Main Respiratory Symptoms

A 
Dyspnea
Wheeze
Cough
Sputum
Hemoptysis
Chest Pain
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2
Q

what are different kinds of dyspnea

A 
gradual & progressive
episodic
diurnal variability
orthopnea 
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
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3
Q

what is wheezing

A
  • whistling or sighing noise on expiration

- air passing through a narrow tube & indicating airway obstruction

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4
Q

what is coughing

A
  • Protective Mechanism that clears the lungs, bronchi or trachea of irritants
  • dry or associated with mucous production
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5
Q

what stimulate irritant receptors

A
  • inflammation
  • infectious agents
  • excessive secretion
  • noxious gas
  • hot/cold air
  • mechanicall stimulation
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6
Q

what are the common cause of noproductive cause

A

Irritation of the airways
Inflammation of the airways
Mucous accumulation
Tumors

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7
Q

how to evulate productive cough

A 
strength
--> strong or weak
Frequency 
pitch loudness 
Sputum or not
-->color
-->odor
-->amount 
-->consistency
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8
Q

what is hemoptysis

A

coughing up of blood

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9
Q

What investigation is required for hemotypsis?

A 
CXR 
bronchoscopy
CT
sputum cytology
microbiology
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10
Q

What is chest pain

A
  • most common complaint among pt with cardiopulmonary problem

2 types

  • pleuritic
  • non-pleuritic
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11
Q

What is the cut point of fever

A

more than 98.6 F or 37C

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12
Q

What is increased body tempearture associated with

A

pneumonia
lung abscess
TB
fungal disease

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13
Q

What is the general apperance of a person with respiratory disease / condition

A 
Use of accessory muscles
pursed-lip breathing
substernal & intercostal retractions splinting
decreased chest expansion
abnormal skin colour
presence of edema
distension
clubbing
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14
Q

features of digitial clubbing

A

population
- patients with chronic respiratory disorders

appearance
- bulbous swelling of the terminal phalanges of the finger and toes

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15
Q

features of cyanosis

A

population
- patient with severe respiratory disorder

color

  • blue-grey or purplish discoloration of the mucous membranes, fingertips, or toes
  • these areas contains at least 5g/dL of reduced hemoglobin
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16
Q

feature of acrocyanosis

A

caused by vasoconstriction by cold and becomes hypoxic

17
Q

feature of central cyanosis

A

mucous membranes of lips and mouth is almost always a sign of hypoxemia

18
Q

what is lethargy

A
  • drowsy
  • partially awakens to stimulation
  • follow commands
  • do things slowly
19
Q

what is obtundation

A
  • difficult to arouse
  • needs constant stimulation to follow a command
  • drift back to sleep between stimulation
20
Q

what is stupor

A
  • only arouse to constant and vigorous stimulation
  • pain stimulation is needed
  • response is an attempt to withdrawal from painful stimulation
21
Q

what is coma

A
  • doesn’t respond to continuous or painful stimulation

- no verbal sounds or movement

22
Q

what causes Pulsus Paradoxus

A
  • aka paradoxical pulse, occurs in asthma exacerbation
  • Change in BP with respiration with intrapleural swings
  • ↓ Blood pressure during inspiration
  • ↑ Blood pressure during expiration
23
Q

what is Pulsus Alternans

A
  • alternation of strong and weak beats of the arterial pulse
  • cause by alternate strong and weak ventricular contractions
  • failing ventricle
24
Q

what causes oxygen failure

A
  1. hypoxemia

2. shunt (normal perfusion, low to no ventilation)

25
Q

what causes ventilatory failure

A
  1. neurological
    - ->depression of respiratory center
  2. obstruction to exhalation
  3. failure to clear increase level of co2
26
Q

what is the result of chronic hypoxemia

A

Vitals

  • increase RR
  • increase MV,
  • decrease PACO2
  • increase WOB

Complication
pulmonary hypertension

27
Q

what complication can pulmonary hypertension cause?

A

cor pulmonale

28
Q

What can cor pulmonale lead to

A
  • HR & contraction to compensate
  • increase workload
  • increase ischemia/infarction
  • JVD
  • hepatomegaly
  • pedal edema
29
Q

What is the deal with ventilatory failure

A
  • when respiratory disease worsens , WOB increase to a point where O2 consumption is more than the gained O2
  • lead to decrease alveolar ventilation and hypercarbia
30
Q

what are the changes in vitals and physiology and hypercarbia

A
  • increase paco2, decrease ph
  • lead to narcotic effect (look flush and disoriented)
  • -> cerebral, peripheral blood vasodilation
  • ->pulmonary vasoconstriction
31
Q

what is the clinical features of O2 failure

A
  • increase HR, BP, RR
  • decrease Pao2, Sao2, Cao2
  • chronic hypoxemia can lead to polycythemia
32
Q

what is the clinical features of ventilatory failure

A
  • due to increase CO2

- ->headache, decrease alertness, flush

33
Q

How to tell of ventilatory failure is caused by drug OD

A

impede central drive
inability to protect airway
pupil size alteration

34
Q

treatment of o2 failure?

A

supplemental O2 administration
intubation and mechanical ventilation
Chemical paralysis to decrease O2 consumption
may use NIPPV if appropriate

35
Q

treatment of ventilatory failure

A

intubation and mechanical ventilation
may use NIPPV if appropriate
respiratory stimulants

MDRS (23 decks)

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