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Pharmacology > SIDE EFFECTS > Flashcards

SIDE EFFECTS Flashcards

1
Q

pyrazinamide

A

hepatotoxicity

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1
Q

oseltamivir

A

bronchitis

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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1
Q

boceprevir

A

anemia, neutropenia

clashes w drugs that are CYP3A substrates or inducers

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3
Q

triazoles (fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole)

A

CYP450 INHIBITOR (they inhibit 14alpha-sterol demethylase, a Cyto P450)

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4
Q

isoniazid

A

hepatotoxicity

peripheral neuritis

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4
Q

fidaxomicin

A

GI upset

GI bleeding

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5
Q

voriconazole

A

visual disturbances & photosensitive rash

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5
Q

lamivudine

A

well tolerated

nausea, diarrhea

rash, pancreatitis, cough

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6
Q

as far as side effects, what is different about aztreonam compared to all other bolded drugs that target PBPs?

A

does NOT have risk for penicillin hypersensitivities

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7
Q

penicillins

A

allergic hypersensitivity

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7
Q

tetracyclines

(doxycycline, minocycline)

A

photosensitive rash

teeth discoloration (fetus, children)

enterocolitis

binds Ca and Mg (affects drug absorption)

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8
Q

linezolid

A

MAO inhibitor, bone marrow suppression

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9
Q

quinolones

(norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

A

nerves (seizures, peripheral neuropathy)

arthropathy, tendon rupture, cartilage damage in children

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10
Q

famciclovir

A

similar to acyclovir

well tolerated

rash, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatique

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10
Q

enfuvirtide

A

local injection site reaction

diarrhea, nausea

fatigue

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12
Q

Griseofulvin

A

penicillin allergies, CYP INDUCER

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13
Q

maraviroc

A

GI upset

fever/rash

dark urine

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14
Q

rifampin

A

multiple CYP inducer

hepatotoxicity

orange-red color secretions

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14
Q

vancomycin

A

red neck/man syndrome

nephrotoxcitiy

phlebitis

ototoxicity

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15
Q

streptomycin

A

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

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16
Q

interferon-a

A

flu-like syndrome, bone marrow suppression

neurotoxicity

myalgia

17
Q

emtricitabine

A

headache, diarrhea, nausea

hyperpigmentation of skin

17
Q

zidovudine

A

bone marrow suppression

hematologic toxicity increases with drugs that inhibit glucuronyl transferases (APAP, probenecid, aspirin)

myopathy with prolonged use

18
Q

flucytosine

A

leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

20
Q

amphotericin b

A

renal toxicity

21
Q

metronidazole

A

leukopenia, neutropenia

thrombophlebitis (IV infusion)

superinfections, disulfiram-like reaction

22
Q

TMP/SMX

A

hypersensitivity rashes, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

bone marrow suppression, Megaloblastic anemia

23
Q

ritonavir

A

avoid other drugs metabolized by CYP3A

**diabetes, alterations in lipid metabolism, fat redistribution, alters metabolism of many other drugs **(like lopinavir)

24
Q

ethambutol

A

optic neuritis (decreased visual acuity, cannot see red vs green)

26
Q

macrolides

(erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin)

A

CYP3A4 inhibitor, doubles risk of cardiac arrest

increases GI motility

27
Q

efavirenz

A

rash, CNS/psychotic symptoms

nightmares

29
Q

aminoglycosides

(tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin)

A

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

30
Q

lopinavir

A

diabetes, alterations in lipid metabolism

fat redistribution

alters metabolism of many other drugs

31
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

peripheral neuropathy

bone marrow suppression (targeting of DNA synthesis –> potential SE against cells with rapid turnover)

acute hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency (these pts are susceptible to oxidant/stress damage)

32
Q

cephalosporins

A

allergic hypersensitivity (between 1-20% cross reactivity with PCN allergy)

33
Q

raltegravir

A

well tolerated

CK elevation (rhabdomyolysi)

nausea, diarrhea

headache, fever

34
Q

ganciclovir

A

bone marrow suppression, enhanced when given with AZT

abormal liver function

35
Q

foscarnet

A

**renal damage **(enhanced by amphotericin B)

electrolyte imbalances (binds Ca2+ and Mg2+, seizures)

36
Q

imipenem

A

if prescribed alone, proximal renal tubular brush border metabolizes drug –> risk of kidney damage

FIX: **prescribe cilastatin to inhibit the renal dehydropeptidase enzyme that metabolizes imipenem

38
Q

tenofovir

A

GI upset

40
Q

polymyxin b

A

nephrotoxic & neurotoxic (when used systemically - typically topical application)

41
Q

nystatin

A

really bad taste

43
Q

amantadine

A

CNS - headache, anxiety, slurred speech

confusion

cautin in seizure pt’s

44
Q

penciclovir

A

skin irritation

rash

45
Q

abacavir

A

hypersensitivity reaction associated with HLA-B*5701 antigen

46
Q

acyclovir

A

well tolerated

rash, fatigue

nausea, vomiting, headache

47
Q

ribavirin

A

aerosol: clog equipment, decrease pulmonary function, rash

IV/oral: anemia, bone marrow suppression

48
Q

trifluridine

A

burning, stinging, hypersensitivity

49
Q

chloramphenicol

A

bone marrow depression

optic neuritis & blindness

Grey Baby Syndrome - UDP glucuronyl transferase system is immature in premature infants and cannot metabolize drug effectively (causes: vomiting, ashen grey skin color, limp body tone, hypothermia, hypotension, CV collapse, cyanosis)

50
Q

daptomycin

A

muscle pain/weakness

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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