SIDE EFFECTS Flashcards
pyrazinamide
hepatotoxicity
oseltamivir
bronchitis
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
boceprevir
anemia, neutropenia
clashes w drugs that are CYP3A substrates or inducers
triazoles (fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole)
CYP450 INHIBITOR (they inhibit 14alpha-sterol demethylase, a Cyto P450)
isoniazid
hepatotoxicity
peripheral neuritis
fidaxomicin
GI upset
GI bleeding
voriconazole
visual disturbances & photosensitive rash
lamivudine
well tolerated
nausea, diarrhea
rash, pancreatitis, cough
as far as side effects, what is different about aztreonam compared to all other bolded drugs that target PBPs?
does NOT have risk for penicillin hypersensitivities
penicillins
allergic hypersensitivity
tetracyclines
(doxycycline, minocycline)
photosensitive rash
teeth discoloration (fetus, children)
enterocolitis
binds Ca and Mg (affects drug absorption)
linezolid
MAO inhibitor, bone marrow suppression
quinolones
(norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin)
nerves (seizures, peripheral neuropathy)
arthropathy, tendon rupture, cartilage damage in children
famciclovir
similar to acyclovir
well tolerated
rash, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatique
enfuvirtide
local injection site reaction
diarrhea, nausea
fatigue
Griseofulvin
penicillin allergies, CYP INDUCER
maraviroc
GI upset
fever/rash
dark urine
rifampin
multiple CYP inducer
hepatotoxicity
orange-red color secretions
vancomycin
red neck/man syndrome
nephrotoxcitiy
phlebitis
ototoxicity
streptomycin
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
interferon-a
flu-like syndrome, bone marrow suppression
neurotoxicity
myalgia
emtricitabine
headache, diarrhea, nausea
hyperpigmentation of skin
zidovudine
bone marrow suppression
hematologic toxicity increases with drugs that inhibit glucuronyl transferases (APAP, probenecid, aspirin)
myopathy with prolonged use
flucytosine
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
amphotericin b
renal toxicity
metronidazole
leukopenia, neutropenia
thrombophlebitis (IV infusion)
superinfections, disulfiram-like reaction
TMP/SMX
hypersensitivity rashes, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
bone marrow suppression, Megaloblastic anemia
ritonavir
avoid other drugs metabolized by CYP3A
**diabetes, alterations in lipid metabolism, fat redistribution, alters metabolism of many other drugs **(like lopinavir)
ethambutol
optic neuritis (decreased visual acuity, cannot see red vs green)
macrolides
(erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin)
CYP3A4 inhibitor, doubles risk of cardiac arrest
increases GI motility
efavirenz
rash, CNS/psychotic symptoms
nightmares
aminoglycosides
(tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin)
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
lopinavir
diabetes, alterations in lipid metabolism
fat redistribution
alters metabolism of many other drugs
nitrofurantoin
peripheral neuropathy
bone marrow suppression (targeting of DNA synthesis –> potential SE against cells with rapid turnover)
acute hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency (these pts are susceptible to oxidant/stress damage)
cephalosporins
allergic hypersensitivity (between 1-20% cross reactivity with PCN allergy)
raltegravir
well tolerated
CK elevation (rhabdomyolysi)
nausea, diarrhea
headache, fever
ganciclovir
bone marrow suppression, enhanced when given with AZT
abormal liver function
foscarnet
**renal damage **(enhanced by amphotericin B)
electrolyte imbalances (binds Ca2+ and Mg2+, seizures)
imipenem
if prescribed alone, proximal renal tubular brush border metabolizes drug –> risk of kidney damage
FIX: **prescribe cilastatin to inhibit the renal dehydropeptidase enzyme that metabolizes imipenem
tenofovir
GI upset
polymyxin b
nephrotoxic & neurotoxic (when used systemically - typically topical application)
nystatin
really bad taste
amantadine
CNS - headache, anxiety, slurred speech
confusion
cautin in seizure pt’s
penciclovir
skin irritation
rash
abacavir
hypersensitivity reaction associated with HLA-B*5701 antigen
acyclovir
well tolerated
rash, fatigue
nausea, vomiting, headache
ribavirin
aerosol: clog equipment, decrease pulmonary function, rash
IV/oral: anemia, bone marrow suppression
trifluridine
burning, stinging, hypersensitivity
chloramphenicol
bone marrow depression
optic neuritis & blindness
Grey Baby Syndrome - UDP glucuronyl transferase system is immature in premature infants and cannot metabolize drug effectively (causes: vomiting, ashen grey skin color, limp body tone, hypothermia, hypotension, CV collapse, cyanosis)
daptomycin
muscle pain/weakness
