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Pharmacology > Adrenergics > Flashcards

Adrenergics Flashcards

1
Q

blocks L-type calcium channels at higher doses

A

carvedilol

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1
Q

what receptors does labetalol affect?

A

α1 and β1/2

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1
Q

which adrenergic neuron blocker can enter the CNS?

A

guanadrel

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2
Q

therapeutic use of carvedilol

A
  • hypertension
  • chronic heart failure
  • acute MI
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3
Q

which therapeutic use of propranolol is not shared by atenolol?

A

migraine prophylaxis

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3
Q

what does reserpine treat?

A

essential HTN, rarely used

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4
Q

decreases vascular tone in resistance (arterioles) and capacitance (veins) beds

A

prazosin

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5
Q

how is phentolamine administered?

A

orally

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7
Q

competitive antagonist of α1 and both β receptors

A

labetalol

carvedilol

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8
Q

what receptors does timolol affect?

A

non-selective β antagonist

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8
Q

this β1 antagonist does not penetrate the CNS, so it has less CNS side effects

A

atenolol

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8
Q

this α1 receptor antagonist is not approved for threatment of HTN

A

tamsulosin

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8
Q

how is prazosin administered?

A

orally

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9
Q

what receptors does phenoxybenazmine affect?

A

irreversible α1 and α2 antagonist

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10
Q

therapeutic use of labetalol

A
  • essential hypertension (oral)
  • hypertensive emergencies (IV)
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11
Q

orally active α1 recepotr antagonist with some selectivity for α1A verses α1B subtypes

A

tamsulosin

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12
Q

what is tamsulosin used to treat?

A

BPH with little effect on blood pressure (less propensity for orthostatic hyptotension)

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12
Q

adrenergic neuron blockers

A

guanethidine

guanadrel

inhibit NE release by taking its place in vesicles

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13
Q

produces a favorable lipid profile by decreasing LDL and increases HDL

A

prazosin

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13
Q

what drug causes first dose phenomenon?

A

prazosin

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14
Q

clinical uses of phenoxybenzamine

A
  • pheochromocytoma
  • reverse or shorten duration of soft-tissue anesthesia
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15
Q

what receptors does tamsulosin affect?

A

α1 (mostly α1A) antagonist

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17
Q

what receptors does metoprolol affect?

A

β1 antagonist

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18
Q

at low doses is more selective at blocking the β1 receptor by 10-fold

A

metoprolol

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19
Q

how is tamsulosin administered?

A

orally

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20
Q

prwhat receptors dose prazosin affect?

A

α1 antagonist

21
Q

describe propanolol’s withdrawal syndrome

A

supersensitivity to β adrenergic stimulation which may cause angina, arrhythmias, or infarction

23
Q

what receptors does atenolol affect?

A

β1 antagonist

24
Q

also has anti-oxidant properties and anti-inflammatory effects

A

carvedilol

25
Q

therapeutic use:

  • essential hypertension (oral)
  • hypertensive emergencies (IV)
A

labetalol

25
Q

clinical uses of phentolamine

A
  • HTN
  • pheochromocytoma
  • reverse or shorten duration of soft-tissue anesthesia
26
Q

which drugs reverse or short the duration of soft-tissue anesthesia produced by combined local anesthetic and sympathomimetics?

A

phentolamine

phenoxybenzamine

28
Q

which drug masks the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A

propranolol (and related drugs)

29
Q

treats shock

A

NE

DA

phenylephrine

31
Q

which drug can cause sedation, impotence, and nightmares?

A

propranolol

32
Q

what drugs share therapeutic uses with propranolol?

A

atenolol

metoprolol

timolol

34
Q

orally active, once a day dosing

A

atenolol

35
Q
A
37
Q

how is atenolol administered?

A

orally active, once a day dosing

39
Q

β1 receptor antagonists

A

metoprolol

atenolol

40
Q

what is distinct about timolol?

A

treats wide angle glaucoma

41
Q

which of the 2 β blockers that we need to know treat heart failure?

A

metoprolol

carvedilol

42
Q

what receptors does phentolamine affect?

A

α1 and α2 antagonist

43
Q

therapeutic use:

  • chronic heart failure
  • hypertension
  • acute MI
A

carvedilol

44
Q

what do guanethidine and guanadrel treat?

A

hypertension (limited use)

44
Q

orally active pro-drug

A

methyldopa

46
Q

how is phenoxybenzamine administered?

A

orally

47
Q

how are guanethidine and guanadrel administered?

A

orally

48
Q

side effects of phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine?

A
  • tachycardia
  • edema (salt/water retention)
  • orthostatic hypotension
49
Q

side effects of propranolol

A
  • cardiac depression, bradycardia/heart block
  • may increase airway resistance
  • mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
  • sedation, impotence, nightmares
50
Q

how is labetalol administered?

A

orally (HTN) & IV (HTN emergencies)

50
Q

used with local anesthetics to increase duration of action

A

phenylephrine

epinephrine

51
Q

used in emergencies to stimulate heart rate during bradycardia or heart block

A

isoproterenol

52
Q

major therapeutic uses of propranolol

A
  • HTN
  • angina
  • cardiac arrhythmias due to excess catecholamines
  • acute MI
  • pheochromocytoma
  • migraine prophylaxis
54
Q

how is resperine administered?

A

orally

55
Q

why is reflex achycardia less problematic in prazosin usage?

A

little blockage of pre-synaptic α2 receptors - minimal increase in CO

56
Q

what receptors does carvedilol affect?

A

α1 and β1/2

57
Q

which adrenergic neuron blocker is polar and cannot enter the CNS?

A

guanethidine

59
Q

this drug enters the CNS and may cause depression, suicide, sedation

A

reserpine

60
Q

favors blockade of α1A in prostate

A

tamsulosin

61
Q

what receptors does propranolol affect?

A

non-selective β antagonist

62
Q

propranolol should be used with caution with what kinds of patients?

A
  • asthma
  • congestive heart failure
  • bradyarrhythmias, AV block
  • insulin-dependent diabetes prone to hypoglycermic episodes
  • hypotension
  • vasospastic angina
63
Q

how is phenylephrine administered?

A

nasal spray or orally

ophathalmic

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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