Pharmacology of Inflammation

Question 1

increase vascular permeability, bronchoconstriction

Answer 1

leukotrienes

Question 1

prostaglandins class

Answer 1

lipid mediators

Question 2

increased extracellularly during injury: anti-inflammatory, inhibit cytokine action

Answer 2

adenosine

Question 2

glucocorticoids cellular source

Answer 2

adrenal cortex

Question 3

bradykinin cellular source

Answer 3

endothelial cells

Question 4

bradykinin class

Answer 4

peptide

Question 4

Oxygen-derived free radicals class

Answer 4

superoxide, hydroxy radicals

Question 5

vasodilation, pain, fever, platelet aggregation (via thromboxane)

Answer 5

prostaglandins

Question 5

cell adhesion molecules mechanism

Answer 5

contact molecules, calcium dependent

Question 6

prostaglandins mechanism

Answer 6

activation of specific GPCRs

Question 7

adenosine cellular source

Answer 7

all cells

Question 7

leukotrienes mechanism

Answer 7

activation of GPCRs

Question 8

glucocorticoids class

Answer 8

lipid mediators

Question 9

prostaglandins cellular source

Answer 9

virtually all cells

Question 10

complement system cellular source

Answer 10

synthesized by liver, circulate in blood

Question 11

C-reactive protein class

Answer 11

plasma proteins

Question 12

Histamine cellular source

Answer 12

mast cells, basophils

Question 13

complement system mechanism

Answer 13

complement protein complexes cause osmotic lysis activation of GPCRs

Question 14

C-reactive protein cellular source

Answer 14

produced in liver in response to cytokines, also produced in adipocytes

Question 15

cell adhesion molecules cellular source

Answer 15

endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes

Question 16

leukotrienes cellular source

Answer 16

macrophages, neutrophils

Question 17

cytokines mechanism

Answer 17

bind to specific receptor proteins to induce gene expression of number of proteins via activation of Nf?B and AP-1; increase COX (fever) and lipoxygenases, increase adhesion molecule expression, induce collagenase (fibrosis)

Question 19

inhibition of cytokines, inhibition of phospholipase A2, inhibition of COX-2, inhibition of cell adhesion molecules

Answer 19

glucocorticoids

Question 21

vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, pain

Answer 21

histamine

Question 22

cytokines class

Answer 22

secreted proteins, in particular the pro-inflammatory cytokines: Interleukin-1 (IL-? & IL-?) and TNF-?

Question 24

vasodilation, increased microvessel permeability, pain

Answer 24

bradykinin

Question 25

cell adhesion molecules class

Answer 25

family of proteins

Question 26

histamine class

Answer 26

biogenic amine

Question 27

Acute-phase reactant, activates complement cascade, mediates phagocytosis, marker of inflammation

Answer 27

C-reactive protein

Question 28

Histamine mechanism

Answer 28

activation of GPCRs

Question 29

adenosine mechanism

Answer 29

activation of GPCRs

Question 31

cytokines cellular source

Answer 31

nearly all inflammatory cells

Question 32

glucocorticoids mechanism

Answer 32

activation of nuclear receptors

Question 33

intracellular killing of bacteria by neutrophils

Answer 33

Oxygen-derived free radicals

Question 34

chemotaxis, promote release of mediators from neutrophil, increase vascular permeability, excessive activation may contribute to tissue injury

Answer 34

complement system

Question 35

Oxygen-derived free radicals cellular source

Answer 35

all cells

Question 36

Oxygen-derived free radicals mechanism

Answer 36

protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, DNA mutations

Question 37

leukocyte adhesion to endothelium is a pivotal event in host defense and tissue repair, endothelial adhesion molecules contribute to recruitment of activated platelets

Answer 37

cell adhesion molecules

Question 38

bradykinin mechanism

Answer 38

activation of GPCRs

Question 40

TNF-?: acute phase reaction, fever, sepsis; IL-1: acute phase reaction, fibroblast, and lymphocyte proliferation, fever

Answer 40

cytokines

Question 41

leukotrienes class

Answer 41

lipid mediators

Question 42

adenosine class

Answer 42

purine nucleoside formed from breakdown of ATP

Question 43

complement system class

Answer 43

plasma proteins

Question 44

C-reactive protein mechanism

Answer 44

bind to phospholipids in bacteria and damaged cells may be specific receptors in macrophages