Side effects

Question 1

WHICH MEDICATIONS CAUSE HYPONATRAEMIA?

Answer 1

-carbamazepines
-SSRI’s
-SNRI’s
-thiazide diuretics
-loop diuretics

Question 2

Which medications are most likely to cause AGRANULOCYTOSIS?

Answer 2

-Antithyroid medications
-clozapine

Question 3

Which medication class most commonly causes peripheral oedema?

Answer 3

Calcium channel blockers

Others:
PDE5 inhibitors

Question 4

WHICH DRUG CLASS IS MOST LIKELY TO CAUSE COLD EXTREMITIES

Answer 4

-BETA BLOCKERS

Question 5

Which drugs are most likely to cause hypokalaemia?

Answer 5

-calcium channel blockers

Question 6

What are the adverse drug reactions of anticonvulsants?

Answer 6

A D R S
Ataxia
Dizziness & drowsiness
Rash
Suicidal behaviour & ideation

Question 7

What are the worrisome side effects of amiodarone?

Answer 7

-thyroid dysfunction
-optic neuropathy
-pulmonary toxicity

(& since it has a very long half life, these side effects can last for months after stopping)

Question 8

How often should a patient on the maintenance dose of amiodarone have their health checks?

Answer 8

Every SIX months for thyroid, liver and serum electrolytes.

Every TWELVE months for a chest X-ray and ECG.

Question 9

What is the risk of using erythromycin in infants?

Answer 9

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
-leads to forceful vomiting
-Risk in infants up to 7 weeks of age

Question 10

Which two antibiotic drug classes are known to be ototoxic?

Answer 10

Aminoglycosides (eg gentamicin) and glycopeptides (eg. vancomycin)

Question 11

What side effect of clindamycin should a person watch out for?

Answer 11

Diarrhoea, if this occurs the patient should stop straight away and inform their doctor.

This is a sign of C.diff disease and can progress to toxic megacolon or colitis

Question 12

What drug class is metronidazole?

Answer 12

An antibacterial… no specific class in AMH. But important to remember that it isn’t apart of the ‘azole antifungals’

Question 13

What side effect of drugs used to treat hyperkalaemia should a patient be monitoring and if it does occur should inform their doctor?

Answer 13

Constipation.

Question 14

Which diabetic drug class is most likely to cause genital infection?

Answer 14

SGLT2 inhibitors

Question 15

What are the side effects of carbimazole and how long do they tend to last?

Answer 15

The side effects occur most often in the first 8 weeks of treatment. they include itching and a mild rash (which may respond to an antihistamine).
Agranulocytosis

Question 16

Which of the antithyroid drugs are more likely to cause hepatotoxicity?

Answer 16

Propylthiouracil

Question 17

What are side effects of biphosphonates?

Answer 17

General: Nausea (v&d), headache, hypocalcaemia, muscokeletal pain

Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Atypical fractures

Question 18

what are the ADR’s of corticosteroids?

Answer 18

diabetes, adrenal suppression, oedema, hypertension, hypokalaemia, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, dyspepsia, bruising, acne, increased appetite

Question 19

what should be monitored when using spironolactone?

Answer 19

potassium and creatinine

Question 20

When should a patient stop taking colchicine for ULT prophylaxis?

Answer 20

If they experience any severe nausea and vomiting, muscle pain , tenderness or weakness. Accumulation and toxicity may occur when colchicine occurs after GI effects , elimination can take >10 days.

Question 21

which medications are likely to cause urinary incontinence?

Answer 21

galantamine, spironolactone, selective alpha blockers, diuretics, Anticholinesterases, sedatives & opioids

Question 22

What are three side effects of metronidazole?

Answer 22

GI - Stomach upset
Oral - Metalic taste
CNS - Dizziness and headache

Question 23

Which antidepressants have the most risk of overdose?

Answer 23

Venlafaxine
TCA’s
MAOI’s

Question 24

What are the shared side effects of TCAs ?

Answer 24

Anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, blurred vision
Sedation
Orthostatic hypotension