Side effects Flashcards
WHICH MEDICATIONS CAUSE HYPONATRAEMIA?
-carbamazepines
-SSRI’s
-SNRI’s
-thiazide diuretics
-loop diuretics
Which medications are most likely to cause AGRANULOCYTOSIS?
-Antithyroid medications
-clozapine
Which medication class most commonly causes peripheral oedema?
Calcium channel blockers
Others:
PDE5 inhibitors
WHICH DRUG CLASS IS MOST LIKELY TO CAUSE COLD EXTREMITIES
-BETA BLOCKERS
Which drugs are most likely to cause hypokalaemia?
-calcium channel blockers
What are the adverse drug reactions of anticonvulsants?
A D R S
Ataxia
Dizziness & drowsiness
Rash
Suicidal behaviour & ideation
What are the worrisome side effects of amiodarone?
-thyroid dysfunction
-optic neuropathy
-pulmonary toxicity
(& since it has a very long half life, these side effects can last for months after stopping)
How often should a patient on the maintenance dose of amiodarone have their health checks?
Every SIX months for thyroid, liver and serum electrolytes.
Every TWELVE months for a chest X-ray and ECG.
What is the risk of using erythromycin in infants?
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
-leads to forceful vomiting
-Risk in infants up to 7 weeks of age
Which two antibiotic drug classes are known to be ototoxic?
Aminoglycosides (eg gentamicin) and glycopeptides (eg. vancomycin)
What side effect of clindamycin should a person watch out for?
Diarrhoea, if this occurs the patient should stop straight away and inform their doctor.
This is a sign of C.diff disease and can progress to toxic megacolon or colitis
What drug class is metronidazole?
An antibacterial… no specific class in AMH. But important to remember that it isn’t apart of the ‘azole antifungals’
What side effect of drugs used to treat hyperkalaemia should a patient be monitoring and if it does occur should inform their doctor?
Constipation.
Which diabetic drug class is most likely to cause genital infection?
SGLT2 inhibitors
What are the side effects of carbimazole and how long do they tend to last?
The side effects occur most often in the first 8 weeks of treatment. they include itching and a mild rash (which may respond to an antihistamine).
Agranulocytosis
Which of the antithyroid drugs are more likely to cause hepatotoxicity?
Propylthiouracil
What are side effects of biphosphonates?
General: Nausea (v&d), headache, hypocalcaemia, muscokeletal pain
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Atypical fractures
what are the ADR’s of corticosteroids?
diabetes, adrenal suppression, oedema, hypertension, hypokalaemia, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, dyspepsia, bruising, acne, increased appetite
what should be monitored when using spironolactone?
potassium and creatinine
When should a patient stop taking colchicine for ULT prophylaxis?
If they experience any severe nausea and vomiting, muscle pain , tenderness or weakness. Accumulation and toxicity may occur when colchicine occurs after GI effects , elimination can take >10 days.
which medications are likely to cause urinary incontinence?
galantamine, spironolactone, selective alpha blockers, diuretics, Anticholinesterases, sedatives & opioids
What are three side effects of metronidazole?
GI - Stomach upset
Oral - Metalic taste
CNS - Dizziness and headache
Which antidepressants have the most risk of overdose?
Venlafaxine
TCA’s
MAOI’s
What are the shared side effects of TCAs ?
Anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, blurred vision
Sedation
Orthostatic hypotension
