Mechanism of action Flashcards
Which oral anticoagulant has the slowest onset of action?
Warfarin
Which receptors do opioids mainly work on? And where are they located
Mu receptors in the CNS and GIT
Where does the cough suppression occur as a result of opioid use?
The medullary centre of the brain
What is the mechanism of action of agomelatine?
It works on melatonin and serotonin receptors
How do aldosterone antagonists work?
aldosterone (produced by the adrenal gland) promotes the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys and when levels are high, blood volume is increased and therefore blood pressure and strain on the heart is increased.
Which receptors does phenylephrine work on?
It is an alpha 1 agonist, inducing vasoconstriction.
What is the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors?
Inhibits sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitor 2 which reduces the amount of glucose reabsorption in the kidney and increasing its excretion in the urine.
What is the mechanism of action of DPP4 inhibitors?
‘gliptins’
Inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 (DPP‑4) thereby increasing the concentration of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide‑1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; glucose-dependent insulin secretion is increased and glucagon production reduced
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonylureas?
Increase pancreatic insulin secretion.
What is the mechanism of action of GLP1 analogues?
Increase insulin secretion and decrease inappropriate insulin secretion
Delay gastric emptying
What is the mechanism of action of metformin?
Reduces hepatic glucose production and increases peripheral utilisation of glucose
What is the mechanism of action of ondansetron?
Serotonin antagonist
What is the mechanism of action of metoclopramide?
It is a dopamine antagonist
What is the mechanism of action of prochlorperazine
Antagonise dopamine
What is the mechanism of action azathioprine?
Purine metabolite meaning …
Which of the oral NSAIDS are selective for COX-2 inhibition?
Celecoxib
Meloxicam
Etoricoxib (Arcoxia)
Piroxicam (Mobilis)
How do anticholinesterases work and when are they indicated?
They work by decreasing the breakdown of acetylcholine.
In Alzheimers disease their is a deficiency of cholinergic neurotransmitter activity.
In myasthenia gravis they are used to enhance neuromuscular transmission.
Which receptors to antipsychotics work on ?
They antagonise dopamine receptors
Some of them also antagonise serotonin
How does smoking affect the concentration of other drugs?
It INCREASES the METABOLISM of certain drugs that are metabolised by CYP1A2, so if a person smokes, it may be necessary to reduce their dosage soon after smoking is stopped.
