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pharmacy > Indications and line in therapy > Flashcards

Indications and line in therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Which are the FOUR medication classes most commonly prescribed in heart failure?

A

-ACEI OR ARB
-BETA BLOCKER
-ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST
-SGLT2 INHIBITOR

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2
Q

What is first line therapy to reduce the frequency of angina?

A

Beta blockers…

Then calcium channel blockers, mainly diltiazem and verapamil can be used as alternatives. Long acting nitrates are third line.

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3
Q

What medication classes are used to treat acute angina?

A

Short acting nitrates

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4
Q

Which of the beta blockers are used in heart failure?

A

Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
Nebivolol
Carvedilol

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5
Q

Which of the beta blockers are used in migraine prevention?

A

Propranolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol

(these are more lipophilic and are able to cross the BBB)

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6
Q

What is the beta blocker of choice in pregnancy?

A

Labetalol

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7
Q

What are the preferred beta blockers in BF?

A

Metoprolol, labetalol and propranolol

(this is because they are more extensively protein bound)

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8
Q

What are the TWO indications for prazosin?

A

Hypertension
Symptom relief in BPH

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9
Q

What are the indications of clonidine?

A

Hypertension
Menopausal flushing

Accepted also in:
ADHD

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10
Q

What are the indications of minoxidil

A

Hypertension
Alopecia

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11
Q

What is ANASTRAZOLE indicated for?

A

-Breast cancer

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12
Q

What is the indication of a fibrate?

A

Hypertriglyceridaemia

To prevent pancreatitis

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13
Q

Which classes are prescribed to decrease triglycerides?

A

Fibrates
Fish oil
Nicotinic acid

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14
Q

What are the two medications and indications for phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors?

A

SILDENAFIL & TADALAFIL

Indicated for both erectile dysfunction AND pulmonary arterial hypertension.

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15
Q

what is the brand name and class of enoxaparin?

A

Clexane
Low weight molecular heparin

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16
Q

What is the brand name and class of dabigatran?

A

Pradaxa
direct thrombin inhibitor

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17
Q

What is the class of rivaroxaban and apixiban?

A

Factor Xa inhibitors

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18
Q

which oral anticoagulant has the slowest onset of action

A

Warfarin

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19
Q

Which emergency contraception has the highest efficacy?

A

Copper IUD

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20
Q

What is the ‘yuzpe regimen’

A

Emergency contraception method levonorgestrel or urlipristal isn’t available;

2 doses (12 hours apart) of 4 tablets of 30mcg ethinylesteradiol and 150mcg of levonorgestrel

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21
Q

What is first line for pregnant women with VTE?

A

LMWH
Low molecular weight heparin (clexane, pradaxa)

All oral anticoagulants are contraindicated.

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22
Q

Which opioids are the preferred choice in renal impairment?

A

Oxycodone and fentanyl

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23
Q

What are the TWO indications for oxycodone + naloxone combination?

A
  1. Severe CHRONIC pain with constipation refractory to laxatives
  2. Severe idiopathic restless leg syndrome.
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24
Q

What is first line treatment for c.diff infections?

A

Metronidazole

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25
Q

What is first line for Chlamydial infections?

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

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26
Q

What is first line for traveller’s diarrhoea?

A

Norfloxacin

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27
Q

Is croup viral or bacterial and what are the treatment options?

A

Generally caused by parainfluenza virus
1. dexamethasone or prednisolone
2. inhaled budesonide

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28
Q

What is first and second line antibiotic treatment for pertussis (Whooping cough)?

A

1.azithromycin or clarithromycin
2.trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole

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29
Q

What is first and second line to treat pneumonia?

A
  1. Amoxicillin
  2. Doxycycline
    Treat for 5 to 7 days
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30
Q

What antibiotic spectrum is flucloxacillin?

A

Narrow spectrum penicillin active mainly against gram positive bacteria.

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31
Q

What spectrum is amoxicillin?

A

Moderate spectrum penicillin

They are inactivated by beta-lactamases

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32
Q

What spectrum is amoxicillin with clavulonic acid?

A

Broad spectrum against gram positive and gram negative, including beta-lactamases

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33
Q

Which antibiotic is interchangeable with flucloxacillin?

A

Dicloxacillin

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34
Q

Which antibiotic is first line for most Staphylococcus infections?

A

Flucloxacillin

second line is almost always cefalexin or clindamycin.

35
Q

What is first and second line treatment for impetigo?

A
  1. Topical mupirocin for 5 days
  2. Flucloxacillin for 7 days
36
Q

What is the indication of MOCLOBEMIDE

A

Major depression

37
Q

What is the indication for silver sulfadiazine (flamazine)?

A

Silver is bactericidal and is used in:
Prevention and treatment of infection in severe burns.
Treatment of infection in leg ulcers and pressure sores.

38
Q

What is the indication of sodium fusidate (Fucidin)

A

Staph infections on specialist advice when other options are unsuitable.

39
Q

What are the three indications for imiquimod (aldara)?

A

External genital warts
Carcinoma
Actinic keratosis

40
Q

What is the indication of betahistine?

A

Meniere’s disease

41
Q

What is the indication of mercaptopurine?

A

Leukaemia and IBD

42
Q

Which glucocorticoid has the most efficacy and less systemic side effects in IBD treatment?

A

Budesonide

43
Q

What are the two indications of imipramine (tofranil)?

A

Major depression
Nocturnal enuresis under specialist supervision

44
Q

What are the indications of axetazolamide (diamox)?

A

Glaucoma
Adjunctive therapy in epilepsy.

45
Q

What are the indications of topiramate?

A

Epilepsy
Migraines

46
Q

Which medication is first line for focal seizures?

A

carbamazepine

47
Q

Which medication is first line for generalised tonic-clonic seizures?

A

Valproate

48
Q

Which medication is preferred in absence seizures?

A

Ethosuximide

49
Q

Which medication is first line in infantile spasms?

A

Prednisolone

50
Q

What are the two indications of lamotrigine?

A

Epilepsy and bipolar

51
Q

What is the indication of phenytoin?

A

Epilepsy

52
Q

What are the indications of anticholinergic drugs?

A

Parkinson’s disease
Nausea and vomiting
Urinary incontinence
COPD

53
Q

What is the class and indication of benzotropine (benztrop)?

A

It is an anticholinergic used in Parkinson’s disease.

53
Q

What is the class and indication of trihexyphenidyl (artane)?

A

It is an anticholinergic used in Parkinson’s disease.

54
Q

What are the two indications of amantadine (symmetrel) ?

A

Parkinson’s disease and prevention of influenza A upon specialist advice (rarely)

55
Q

What is the brand name, indication and side effect profile of pizotifen?

A

Sandomigran
Prevention of migraine
Sedation, increased appetite and weight gain

56
Q

What is the drug class and indication of donepezil?

A

Anticholinesterase used in Alzheimers disease

57
Q

What is the drug class and indication of rivastigmine?

A

Anticholinesterase used in Alzheimers disease

58
Q

What is the drug class and indication of galantamine?

A

Anticholinesterase used in Alzheimers disease

59
Q

What is the indication of memantine and its brand name?

A

Ebixa used in Alzheimers disease

60
Q

What is the indication and mechanism of action of baclofen?

A

It is a muscle relaxant, and works by being a structural analogue of GABA which inhibits transmission at the spinal level and depresses the CNS.
It’s indicated in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.

61
Q

What is the drug class, brand name and indication of pyridostigmine?

A

Anticholinesterase
Mestinon
Myasthenia gravis

62
Q

When is estrogen only HRT recommended?

A

Post hysterectomy.

63
Q

Why is progesterone recommended with estrogen for menopausal women?

A

Women with a uterus are at risk of endometrial hyperplasia with unopposed estrogen.

64
Q

What are the indications of hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil)?

A

RA
Lupus
Malaria treatment
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

65
Q

which oral bendodiazepine has the longest period of action?

A

nitrazepam

66
Q

which triptan has the slowest onset of action?

A

naratriptan

67
Q

Which drug class is imipramine and what are it’s indications?

A

TCA
Major depression
Nocturnal enuresis (upon specialist advice)
Panic disorder

68
Q

What is the brand name, MOA and therefore indications of desmopressin ?

A

Minirin
Increases tubular reabsorption of water; increases factor VIII and von Willebrand’s factor coagulation activity.
- nocturnal enuresis (on specialist advice)
- Central (cranial) diabetes insipidus
- Control of bleeding (also specialist advice)

69
Q

What is the brand name and indication of mirabegron?

A

Betmiga for urinary urge incontinence

70
Q

What is the drug class and brand name of clomipramine?

A

TCA
Anafranil

71
Q

What is the drug class and brand name of dosulepin?

A

TCA
Dothep

72
Q

What is the drug class and brand name of imipramine?

A

TCA
Tofranil

73
Q

What is the drug class and brand name of doxepin?

A

TCA
Deptran

74
Q

What are the two active ingredients of contrave and what is it’s indication?

A

Naltrexone & bupropion
Weight loss

75
Q

What is the indication of amisulpride?

A

Schizophrenia

76
Q

What is the more unusual indication of olanzapine?

A

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

77
Q

What is the drug class and indication of suvorexant?

A

Oroxine receptor antagonist
Chronic insomnia

78
Q

What is the indication and brand name of atomoxetine?

A

ADHD
Strattera

79
Q

What is the brand name and indication of guanfacine?

A

Intuniv
ADHD

80
Q

What is the brand name and class of imipramine?

A

Tofranil
TCA

81
Q

What is the indication of mannitol (Bronchitol)?

A

Cystic fibrosis

82
Q
A

pharmacy (14 decks)

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