Sick Term Infant Flashcards
What blood stream infections can occur?
Bacteraemia
Septicaemia
What CNS infection can occur?
Meningitis
What other infections can occur?
Pneumonia
UTI
Necrotising enterocolitis
What organisms can cause bacterial infections?
Group B Strep E.coli Listeria myogenes Staph aureus Staph epidermidis
What viral infections can occur?
Cytomegalovirus parvovirus Herpes virus Enterovirus Toxoplasma gondii HIV Syphilis - Treponema pallidum
What is pregnancy/birth related - hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy?
Multi organ damage due to tissue hypoxia
Poor apgar scores - active resuscitation
Neurodevelopmental sequeli - variable prognosis
What is TTN?
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
What cardiac problems related to pregnancy and/or birth can occur?
Hydrops foetalis
Rhesus disease
Chromosomal
What congenital cardiac disease can occur?
Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of great arteries Coartication of the aorta TAPVD Hypoplastic heart
What congenital respiratory defects can occur?
Tracheo-oesophageal fistula
Diaphragmatic hernia
What other congenital anomalies can occur?
Microcephaly
Spina bifida
Potters syndrome (renal)
Myotonic dystrophy
What history taking should be done when assessing a newborn?
Maternal - PMH, pregnancy issues, drugs, infection risks
Infant - fetal growth, fetal anomaly, delivery, resuscitation
What inspections should be done when assessing a newborn?
Tone
Level of arousal
Colour
What 2 vital signs are important to take when assessing a newborn?
Heart rate
Respiratory rate
What does the Apgar score take into account?
Heart rate Resp rate Tone Colour Respone
What should the resp rate be in a newborn?
40-60 per minute
What should the heart rate be in a newborn?
120-140 per minute
What should the cap refill be in a newborn?
2-3 seconds
What colour should a newborn be?
Pink/Blue/White
What should the oxygen saturations of a newborn be?
95%
What other features should be checked for?
Jaundice Low tone (floppy) Seizures Poor feeding Bilious vomit
What is the initial management for a newborn?
Regulate temperature
Maintain airway and breathing
Check circulation and potentially give fluid and inotropes
Monitor metabolic homeostasis e.g. glucose and acid-base balance
Antibiotics if needed
What further management may be required?
Ventilation Drugs Specific therapy e.g. therapuetic cooling Surgery Transfer
